# Histopathological diagnosis

Histopathological diagnosis

Deep biopsy is obtained under general or regional anaesthesia, although the chance of  local spread is high. The biopsy should be adequate, contain grains and should be fixed immediately in 10% formal saline. Three types of  host tissue reaction occur against the organism. Theodor Langhans , 1839–1915, Professor of  Pathological Anatomy , University of  Berne, Switzerland. polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The innermost neutro - phils are closely attached to the surface of  the grain, some - times invading the grain and causing its fragmentation. The hyphae and cement substance disappear and only remnants of  brown pigmented cement are left behind. Outside the zone of  neutrophils there is granulation tissue containing macrophages , lymphocytes, plasma cells and few neutrophils. The mononuclear cells increase in num - ber towards the periphery of  the lesion. The outermost zone of  the lesion consists of  fibrous tissue. /uni25CF Type II: the neutrophils largely disappear and are re - placed by macrophages and multinucleated giant cells that engulf  the grain material. This consists largely of  pigment - ed cement substance although hyphae are sometimes iden - tified. /uni25CF Type III: this is characterised by the formation of  a well-organised epithelioid granuloma with Langhans-type giant cells. The centre of  the granuloma will sometimes contain remnants of  fungal material. Histopathological diagnosis

Deep biopsy is obtained under general or regional anaesthesia, although the chance of  local spread is high. The biopsy should be adequate, contain grains and should be fixed immediately in 10% formal saline. Three types of  host tissue reaction occur against the organism. Theodor Langhans , 1839–1915, Professor of  Pathological Anatomy , University of  Berne, Switzerland. polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The innermost neutro - phils are closely attached to the surface of  the grain, some - times invading the grain and causing its fragmentation. The hyphae and cement substance disappear and only remnants of  brown pigmented cement are left behind. Outside the zone of  neutrophils there is granulation tissue containing macrophages , lymphocytes, plasma cells and few neutrophils. The mononuclear cells increase in num - ber towards the periphery of  the lesion. The outermost zone of  the lesion consists of  fibrous tissue. /uni25CF Type II: the neutrophils largely disappear and are re - placed by macrophages and multinucleated giant cells that engulf  the grain material. This consists largely of  pigment - ed cement substance although hyphae are sometimes iden - tified. /uni25CF Type III: this is characterised by the formation of  a well-organised epithelioid granuloma with Langhans-type giant cells. The centre of  the granuloma will sometimes contain remnants of  fungal material. Histopathological diagnosis

Deep biopsy is obtained under general or regional anaesthesia, although the chance of  local spread is high. The biopsy should be adequate, contain grains and should be fixed immediately in 10% formal saline. Three types of  host tissue reaction occur against the organism. Theodor Langhans , 1839–1915, Professor of  Pathological Anatomy , University of  Berne, Switzerland. polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The innermost neutro - phils are closely attached to the surface of  the grain, some - times invading the grain and causing its fragmentation. The hyphae and cement substance disappear and only remnants of  brown pigmented cement are left behind. Outside the zone of  neutrophils there is granulation tissue containing macrophages , lymphocytes, plasma cells and few neutrophils. The mononuclear cells increase in num - ber towards the periphery of  the lesion. The outermost zone of  the lesion consists of  fibrous tissue. /uni25CF Type II: the neutrophils largely disappear and are re - placed by macrophages and multinucleated giant cells that engulf  the grain material. This consists largely of  pigment - ed cement substance although hyphae are sometimes iden - tified. /uni25CF Type III: this is characterised by the formation of  a well-organised epithelioid granuloma with Langhans-type giant cells. The centre of  the granuloma will sometimes contain remnants of  fungal material.