# URINARY TRACT INFECTION

URINARY TRACT INFECTION

UTI is the inflammatory response of  the urothelium to bacte - rial invasion, usually associated with bacteriuria (the presence of  bacteria in the urine) and pyuria (the presence of  white blood cells in the urine). Pyuria in the absence of  bacteriuria (sterile pyuria) indicates an inflammatory response that may still be related to UTI or that ma y be a response to another pathology such as fastidious organisms (e.g. TB, gonorrhoea), in situ (CIS) bladder stones or other inflammatory carcinoma uncomplicated (occur - conditions. UTIs can be classified as ring in a healthy patient with a structurally and functionally normal urinary tract) or complicated (occurring in a patient with an anatomical or functional urinary tract abnormality , in an immunocompromised patient or with more virulent or resistant bacteria). Factors that suggest a complicated UTI are shown in Table 83.12 . An isolated UTI is one in which there - has been an interval of  at least 6 months between infections. A recurrent UTI (rUTI) is defined as ≥ 2 episodes in 6 months or ≥ 3 episodes in 12 months. Infections can also be classified based on their site (urethritis, prostatitis, cystitis, pyelonephri - tis). This chapter focuses on cystitis. /uni25CF /uni25CF /uni25CF /uni25CF /uni25CF /uni25CF /uni25CF /uni25CF Half  of  all women have been estimated to experience a UTI in their lifetime, and up to 50% of  these will have recur rent infection within the following 6-month period. 

tract infection.
Patient
Functional or anatomical abnormality of the
factors
urinary tract
Sex (male gender)
Age (postmenopausal)
Pregnant
Immunosuppressed (e.g. diabetes, transplant,
steroids)
Indwelling catheter
Bacterial
Increased virulence (hospital-acquired infection)
factors
Antimicrobial resistance (recent antibiotic use)