# 55 - References

# References

54
The Maudsley® Prescribing Guidelines in Psychiatry
CHAPTER 1
allow the use of long-­acting agents, as do the BAP guidelines.3 The duration of antipsychotic treatment in first episode is not clearly defined in the NICE guidelines. The 
Canadian Psychiatric Association guidelines4 recommend at least 18 months, the BAP 
at least 2 years, and RANZCP 2–5 years. There is scant mention of the treatment of 
negative symptoms in any of the guidelines. UK NICE guidelines recommend psychological approaches while RANZCP tentatively recommends rTMS. Reflecting the paucity of evidence in clozapine-­resistant schizophrenia there is little detail or difference in 
guideline recommendations – all suggest adding a second antipsychotic.
References
1. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Psychosis and schizophrenia in adults: prevention and management. Clinical guideline 
[CG178]. 2014 (last checked November 2024); https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg178.
2. Galletly C, et al. Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for the management of schizophrenia 
and related disorders. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2016; 50:410–472.
3. Barnes T, et al. Evidence-­based guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia: updated recommendations from the British 
Association for Psychopharmacology. J Psychopharmacol 2020; 34:3–78.
4. Remington G, et al. Guidelines for the pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia in adults. Can J Psychiatry 2017; 62:604–616.