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6 Classification in Psychiatry 6 Classification in Psychiatry Classification is the process by which the complexity of phenomena is reduced by arranging them into categories according to some established criteria for one or more purposes. At present, the class...

7.1 Schizophrenia Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders 7.1 Schizophrenia Although schizophrenia is discussed as if it is a single disease, it probably comprises a group of disorders with heterogeneous etiologies, and it includes patients whose ...

7.2 Schizoaffective Disorder 7.2 Schizoaffective Disorder Schizoaffective disorder has features of both schizophrenia and mood disorders. In current diagnostic systems, patients can receive the diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder if they fit into one of the ...

7.3 Schizophreniform Disorder members to keep up with the changing nature and needs of these patients. Medication regimens can be complicated, with multiple medications from all classes of drugs. REFERENCES Bychkov ER, Ahmed MR, Gurevich VV, Benovi JL, Gurevic...

7.4 Delusional Disorder and Shared Psychotic Disorder schizophrenia. J Clin Psychopharm. 2011;31(2):146. Derks EM, Fleischhacker WW, Boter H, Peuskens J, Kahn RS. Antipsychotic drug treatment in first-episode psychosis: Should patients be switched to a differe...

7.5 Brief Psychotic Disorder, Other Psychotic Disorders, and Catatonia and Catatonia BRIEF PSYCHOTIC DISORDER Brief psychotic disorder is defined as a psychotic condition that involves the sudden onset of psychotic symptoms, which lasts 1 day or more but less ...

8.1 Major Depression and Bipolar Disorder Mood Disorders 8.1 Major Depression and Bipolar Disorder Mood can be defined as a pervasive and sustained emotion or feeling tone that influences a person’s behavior and colors his or her perception of being in the wor...

8.2 Dysthymia and Cyclothymia Demeter CA, Youngstrom EA, Carlson GA, et al. Age differences in the phenomenology of pediatric bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord. 2013;147(1-3):295–303. Diaz-Granados N, Ibrahim L, Brutsche N, Ameli R, Henter ID, Luckenbaugh DA, ...

9.1 Overview Anxiety Disorders 9.1 Overview Anxiety represents a core phenomenon around which considerable psychiatric theory has been organized. Thus, the term “anxiety” has played a central role in psychodynamic theory, as well as in neuroscience-focused res...

9.2 Panic Disorder Schanche E. The transdiagnostic phenomenon of self-criticism. Psychotherapy. 2013;50:316. Shin LM, Davis FC, Van Elzakker MB, Dahlgren MK, Dubois SJ. Neuroimaging predictors of treatment response in anxiety disorders. Bio Mood Anxiety Dis. 2...

9.3 Agoraphobia 9.3 Agoraphobia Agoraphobia refers to a fear of or anxiety regarding places from which escape might be difficult. It can be the most disabling of the phobias because it can significantly interfere with a person’s ability to function in work and...

9.4 Specific Phobia Handbook of Anxiety and Related Disorders. New York: Oxford University Press; 2009:308. McClure-Tone EB, Pine DS. Clinical features of the anxiety disorders. In: Sadock BJ, Sadock VA, Ruiz P, eds. Kaplan & Sadock’s Comprehensive Textbook of...

9.5 Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia) Ipser JC, Singh L, Stein DJ. Meta-analysis of functional brain imaging in specific phobia. Psych Clin Neurosci. 2013;67:311. Lipka J, Miltner WR, Straube T. Vigilance for threat interacts with amygdala responses to s...

9.6 Generalized Anxiety Disorder Hofmann SG, DiBartolo PM. Social Anxiety: Clinical, Developmental, and Social Perspectives. 2nd edition. San Diego: Academic Press; 2010. Hofmann SG, Smits JAJ, Rosenfield D, Simon N, Otto MW, Meuret AE, Marques L, Fang A, Tart...

9.7 Other Anxiety Disorders Practice in Clinical Psychology. Vol 2: Adult Disorders. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons; 2012:651. Ritter MR, Blackmore MA, Heimberg RG. Generalized anxiety disorder. In: McKay D, Abramowitz JS, Taylor S, eds. Cognitive Behavioral Thera...

10.1 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders 10.1 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is represented by a diverse group of symptoms that include intrusive thoughts, rituals, preoccupations, and com...

10.2 Body Dysmorphic Disorder Whittal ML, Robichaud M. Obsessive-compulsive disorder. In: Hofmann SG, Reinecke MA, eds. Cognitive-behavioral Therapy with Adults: A Guide to Empirically-Informed Assessment and Intervention. New York: Cambridge University Press;...

10.3 Hoarding Disorder Mancuso SG, Knoesen NP, Castle DJ. Delusional versus nondelusional body dysmorphic disorder. Compr Psychiatry. 2010;51.177. Park LE, Calogero RM, Young AF, Diraddo AM. Appearance-based rejection sensitivity predicts body dysmorphic disor...