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10.4 Hair-Pulling Disorder (Trichotillomania) study, only 18 percent of patients responded to medication and CBT. The challenges posed by hoarding patients to typical CBT treatment include poor insight to the behavior and low motivation and resistance to treat...

10.5 Excoriation (Skin-Picking) Disorder Walther MR, Ricketts EJ, Conelea CA, Woods DW. Recent advances in the understanding and treatment of trichotillomania. J Cogn Psychother. 2010;24:46. Walther MR, Snorrason I, Flessner CA, Franklin ME, Burkel R, Woods DW...

11.1 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Acute Stress Disorder Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders 11.1 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Acute Stress Disorder Both posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and acute stress disorder are marked by increased stress ...

11.2 Adjustment Disorders Panagioti M, Gooding PA, Tarrier N. Hopelessness, defeat, and entrapment in posttraumatic stress disorder: Their association with suicidal behavior and severity of depression. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2012;200:676. Ponniah K, Hollon SD. Empir...

12 Dissociative Disorders 12 Dissociative Disorders In psychiatry, dissociation is defined as an unconscious defense mechanism involving the segregation of any group of mental or behavioral processes from the rest of the person’s psychic activity. Dissociative...

13.1 Introduction and Overview Psychosomatic Medicine 13.1 Introduction and Overview Psychosomatic medicine has been a specific area of concern within the field of psychiatry for more than 50 years. The term psychosomatic is derived from the Greek words psyche...

13.2 Somatic Symptom Disorder Lesperance F, Frasure-Smith N, Theroux P, Irwin M. The association between major depression and levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein in patients with recent acute coronary synd...

13.3 Illness Anxiety Disorder REFERENCES Dimsdale JE, Creed F, Escobar J, Sharpe M, Wulsin L, Barsky A, Lee S, Irwin MR, Levenson J. Somatic symptom disorder: An important change in DSM. J Psychosom Res. 2013;75(3):223–228. Frances A. The new somatic symptom d...

13.4 Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder (Conversion Disorder) however, are resistant to seeing a doctor in the first place, or, if having done so, of accepting the fact that there is nothing to worry about. Invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures ...

13.5 Psychological Factors Affecting Other Medical Conditions with family history as a predictor of conversion. J Affect Disord. 2013;148(2–3):431–434. McCormack R, Moriarty J, Mellers JD, Shotbolt P, Pastena R, Landes N, Goldstein L, Fleminger S, David AS. Sp...

13.6 Factitious Disorder motivation to make changes. PROBLEM-SOLVING. The final step is problem-solving, in which patients try to apply the best solution to the problem situation and then review their progress with the therapist. REFERENCES Calvillo-King L, Ar...

13.7 Pain Disorder 13.7 Pain Disorder In the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), pain disorder warranted its own diagnostic category; but in the current fifth edition (DSM-5), it is diagnosed as a variant of so...

13.8 Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry therapies. They provide extensive physical conditioning through physical therapy and exercise and offer vocational evaluation and rehabilitation. Concurrent mental disorders are diagnosed and treated, and patients who are d...

14 Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Fibromyalgia 14 Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Fibromyalgia CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) (referred to as myalgic encephalomyelitis in the United Kingdom and Canada) is characterized by 6 months or more o...

15.1 Anorexia Nervosa Feeding and Eating Disorders 15.1 Anorexia Nervosa The term anorexia nervosa is derived from the Greek term for “loss of appetite” and a Latin word implying nervous origin. Anorexia nervosa is a syndrome characterized by three essential c...

15.2 Bulimia Nervosa ill patient. Int J Eat Disord. 2013;46(5):501–506. Fazeli PK, Misra M, Goldstein M, Miller KK, Klibanski A. Fibroblast growth factor-21 may mediate growth hormone resistance in anorexia nervosa. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95:369. Fladun...

15.3 Binge Eating Disorder and Other Eating Disorders Levitan RD, Kaplan AS, Davis C, Lam RW, Kennedy JL. A season-of-birth/DRD4 interaction predicts maximal body mass index in women with bulimia nervosa. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2010;35:1729. Lowe MR, Witt AA...

15.4 Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome Purging disorder is characterized by recurrent purging behavior after consuming a small amount of food in persons of normal weight who have a distorted view of their weight or body image. Purging behavior includes self-i...