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06 - 29.6 Anticonvulsants
29.6 Anticonvulsants Textbook of Psychiatry. 9th ed. Vol. 2. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009:3009. Buhrich N, Weller A, Kevans P. Misuse of anticholinergic drugs by people with serious mental illness. Psychiatr Serv. 2000;51:928. Caligiuri MR...
07 - 29.7 Antihistamines
29.7 Antihistamines Freeman R, Durso-Decruz E, Emir B. Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of pregabalin treatment for painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: Findings from seven randomized, controlled trials across a range of doses. Diabetes Care. 2008;31:1448...
08 - 29.8 Barbiturates and Similarly Acting Drugs
29.8 Barbiturates and Similarly Acting Drugs Hydroxyzine is most commonly used as a short-term anxiolytic. Hydroxyzine should not be given IV because it is irritating to the blood vessels. Dosages of 50 to 100 mg given orally four times a day for long-term tre...
09 - 29.9 Benzodiazepines and Drugs Acting on GABA
29.9 Benzodiazepines and Drugs Acting on GABA Receptors addition, the carrier can impair macrophage function and cause hematologic and lipid abnormalities and anaphylactic reactions. Etomidate Etomidate is a carboxylated imidazole that acts at the β2 and β3 su...
10 - 29.10 Bupropion
29.10 Bupropion Conversely, oxazepam has an approximate dosage equivalence of 15 mg and is a lowpotency drug. Zaleplon is available in 5- and 10-mg capsules. A single 10-mg dose is the usual adult dose. The dose can be increased to a maximum of 20 mg as tolera...
11 - 29.11 Buspirone
29.11 Buspirone dosage should not exceed 450 mg. The maximum of 400 mg of the sustained-release version should be used as a twice-a-day regimen of either 200 mg twice daily or 300 mg in the morning and 100 mg in the afternoon. A starting dosage of the sustaine...
12 - 29.12 Calcium Channel Blockers
29.12 Calcium Channel Blockers Myers RA, Plym MJ, Signor LJ, Lodge NJ. 1-(2-pyrimidinyl)-piperazine, a buspirone metabolite, modulates bladder function in the anesthetized rat. Neurourol Urodyn. 2004;23(7):709. Navines R, Martin-Santos R, Gomez-Gil E, Martinez...
13 - 29.13 Carbamazepine and Oxcarbazepine
29.13 Carbamazepine and Oxcarbazepine old or with a history of cardiac illness) should be routinely monitored. Nifedipine is available in 10- and 20-mg capsules and 30-, 60-, and 90-mg extendedrelease tablets. Administration should be started at 10 mg orally t...
14 - 29.14 Cholinesterase Inhibitors and Memantine
29.14 Cholinesterase Inhibitors and Memantine concentrations early in the course of treatment because hyponatremia may be clinically silent. In severe cases, confusion and seizure may occur. Dosing and Administration Oxcarbazepine dosing for bipolar disorder h...
15 - 29.15 Disulfiram and Acamprosate
29.15 Disulfiram and Acamprosate Droogsma E, Veeger N, van Walderveen P, Niemarkt S, van Asselt D. Effect of treatment gaps in elderly patients with dementia treated with cholinesterase inhibitors. Neurology. 2013;80(17):1622. Edwards K, Royall D, Hershey L, L...
16 - 29.16 Dopamine Receptor Agonists and Precurso
29.16 Dopamine Receptor Agonists and Precursors Ritvo JI, Park C. The psychiatric management of patients with alcohol dependence. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2007;9(5):381. Vaglini F, Viaggi C, Piro V, Pardini C, Gerace C, Scarselli M. Acetaldehyde and parkinso...
17 - 29.17 Dopamine Receptor Antagonists (First Ge
29.17 Dopamine Receptor Antagonists (First-Generation Antipsychotics) schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry. 2013;202(2):91–93. Tejeda HA, Shippenberg TS, Henriksson R. The dynorphin/κ-opioid receptor system and its role in psychiatric disorders. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2...
18 - 29.18 Lamotrigine
29.18 Lamotrigine effects (e.g., cardiac, hypotensive, epileptogenic, sexual, and allergic) with the lowpotency drugs. If sedation is a desired goal, either a low-potency antipsychotic can be given in divided doses or a benzodiazepine can be coadministered. An...
19 - 29.19 Lithium
29.19 Lithium Tritt K, Nickel C, Lahmann C, Leiberich PK, Rother WK. Lamotrigine treatment of aggression in female borderline-patients: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Psychopharmacol. 2005;19(3):287. Zoccali R, Muscatello MR, Bruno A, ...
20 - 29.20 Melatonin Agonists Ramelteon and Melato
29.20 Melatonin Agonists: Ramelteon and Melatonin Einat H, Manji HK. Cellular plasticity cascades: Genes-to-behavior pathways in animal models of bipolar disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2006;59:1160. Geddes JR, Burgess S, Hawton K, Jamison K, Goodwin GM. Long-term ...
21 - 29.21 Mirtazapine
29.21 Mirtazapine pathophysiology and the role of melatonin. Recent Pat Endocr Metab Immune Drug Discov. 2013;7(1):11–25. DeMicco M, Wang-Weigand S, Zhang J. Long-term therapeutic effects of ramelteon treatment in adults with chronic insomnia: A 1-year study. ...
22 - 29.22 Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
29.22 Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors 9th edition. Vol. 2. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: 2009:3152. 29.22 Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors Introduced in the late 1950s, MAOIs were the first class of approved antidepressant drugs. The first of these dru...
23 - 29.23 Nefazodone and Trazodone
29.23 Nefazodone and Trazodone antidepressant drug treatments. Brain Res. 2008;1211:37. Baker GB, Sowa S, Todd KG. Amine oxidases and their inhibitors: What can they tell us about neuroprotection and the development of drugs for neuropsychiatric disorders? J P...