Search Results

31.4 Communication Disorders 2005;11:331. Ismail S, Buckley S, Budacki R, Jabbar A, Gallicano GI. Screening, diagnosing and prevention of fetal alcohol syndrome: Is this syndrome treatable? Dev Neurosci. 2010;32:91–100. Obi O, Braun KVN, Baio J, Drews-Botsch C...

31.4a Language Disorder 31.4a Language Disorder Language disorder consists of difficulties in the acquisition and use of language across many modalities, including spoken and written, due to deficits in comprehension or production based on both expressive and ...

31.4b Speech Sound Disorder both simultaneously, or to provide interventions for the expressive component first, and then address the receptive language. Preschoolers with mixed receptive–expressive language problems optimally receive interventions designed to...

31.4c Child-Onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering) 31.4c Child-Onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering) Child-onset fluency disorder (stuttering) usually begins during the first years of life and is characterized by disruptions in the normal flow of speech by involunt...

31.4d Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder distraction, relaxation techniques, and directed speech modification. Stutterers who have poor self-image, comorbid anxiety disorders or depressive disorders are likely to require additional treatments with cogni...

31.4e Unspecified Communication Disorder COURSE AND PROGNOSIS The course and outcome of social (pragmatic) communication disorder is highly variable and dependent on both the severity of the disorder and potential interventions administered. By age 5 years, mo...

31.5 Autism Spectrum Disorder timed speech treatment for preschool children who stutter. Int J Speech Lang Pathol. 2011;13:500–509. Verhoeven L, van Balkom H, eds. Classification of Developmental Language Disorders. Theoretical Issues and Clinical Implications...

31.6 Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Kaplan & Sadock’s Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry. 9th ed. Vol. 2. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009:540. Wang M, Reid D. Virtual reality in pediatric neurorehabilitation: Attention deficit hyp...

31.7 Specific Learning Disorder Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2005;44:499. McGough J. Adult manifestations of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. In: Sadock BJ, Sadock VA, & Ruiz P, eds. Kaplan & Sadock’s Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry. 9th ed. Vo...

31.8 Motor Disorders

31.8a Developmental Coordination Disorder Hedges JH, Adolph KE, Amso D, Bavelier D, Fiez J, Krubitzer L, McAuley JD, Newcombe NS, Fitzpatrick SM, Ghajar J. Play, attention, and learning: How do play and timing shape the development of attention and influence c...

31.8b Stereotypic Movement Disorder treatment, in that certain types of motor task coordination can be positively influenced through the practice of specific motor tasks, even without overt instructions. REFERENCES Blank R, Smits-Engelsman B, Polatajko H, Wils...

31.8c Tourette’s Disorder children. J Pediatr. 2004;145:391. Melnick SM, Dow-Edwards DL. Correlating brain metabolism with stereotypic and locomotor behavior. Behav Res Methods Instrum Comput. 2003;35:452. Miller JM, Singer HS, Bridges DD, Waranch HR. Behavior...

31.8d Persistent (Chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder Piacentini J, Woods DW, Scahill L, Wilhelm S, Peterson AL, Chang S. Behavior therapy for children with Tourette disorder. A randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2010;303:1929–1937. Porta M, Sassi M, Cavallaz...

31.9 Feeding and Eating Disorders of Infancy or Early Childhood

31.9a Pica meta-analysis. Pediatr Neurol. 2012;47:77–90. Kraft JT, Dalsgaard S, Obel C, Thomsen PH, Henriksen TB, Scahill L. Prevalence and clinical correlates of tic disorders in a community sample of school-age children. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2012;21:...

31.9b Rumination Disorder and emotional nurturance may yield positive results. A study found that pica occurred most frequently in impoverished environments, and in some patients, correcting an iron or zinc deficiency has eliminated pica. Medical complications...

31.9c Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder TREATMENT The treatment of rumination disorder is often a combination of education and behavioral techniques. Sometimes, an evaluation of the mother–child relationship reveals deficits that can be influenced by o...