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11 Reproductive psychiatry, sexual health, and gender-​related issues 485 Reproductive psychiatry, sexual health, and gender-​related issues Introduction  486 Menstrual-​related disorders  488 Premenstrual disorders  490 Disorders associated with pregnancy  49...

12 Personality disorders 517 Personality disorders The concept of personality disorder  518 ‘Normal’ personality  520 Classification of personality disorder  522 Psychopathy and ‘severe’ personality disorder  524 Aetiology of personality disorder  526 Epidemio...

13 Old age psychiatry 541 Old age psychiatry Psychiatric illness in older people and old age psychiatry as a specialty  542 Normal ageing  544 Multidisciplinary assessment  546 Specific aspects of psychiatric illnesses in the elderly 1: overview, neuroses, and...

14 Substance misuse Chapter 14 Substance misuse The psychiatry of substance misuse  566 Substance use and misuse  568 Substance misuse disorders  570 The dependence syndrome  574 Stages of change and harm reduction  575 Alcohol misuse  576 Alcohol as a drug 1 ...

15 Child and adolescent psychiatry Chapter 15 Child and adolescent psychiatry Introduction  646 Assessment 1: principles  648 Assessment 2: considerations  650 Assessment 3: practice points  652 Development  654 Resilience  656 Attachment  658 Infant mental he...

16 Forensic psychiatry 721 Forensic psychiatry Introduction  722 A brief history of forensic psychiatry  724 The criminal justice system  726 Crime  728 Homicide  732 Violence 1: theoretical background  734 Violence 2  736 Sexual offences 1  738 Sexual offence...

17 Intellectual disability 785 Intellectual disability Introduction  786 Historical perspective  788 Classification  790 Disability  792 Aetiology  794 Establishing the cause  796 The process of assessment  798 Communicating with people with intellectual disab...

18 Liaison psychiatry 839 Liaison psychiatry Introduction  840 Working in the general hospital  842 Assessment of depressive and anxiety symptoms  844 Assessment of psychotic symptoms and confusion  846 Assessment after self-​harm  848 Management after self-​h...

19 Psychotherapy Chapter 19 Psychotherapy Introduction  882 Assessment for psychotherapy  884 A brief history of Sigmund Freud  886 Other pioneers of psychoanalysis  888 Basic psychoanalytical theory  890 Defence mechanisms  892 Psychosexual development  894 O...

20 Legal issues 931 Legal issues Introduction  932 The development of mental health law  934 Consent to treatment  936 Treatment without consent  938 Common law  940 Mental Capacity Act: England and Wales  942 Incapacity Act: Scotland  944 Incapacity Act: Nort...

21 Transcultural psychiatry 977 Transcultural psychiatry A brief history of transcultural psychiatry  978 Recent developments in global mental health  980 Cultural formulation in DSM-​IV and DSM-​5  982 Cultural context and the presentation of psychiatric diso...

22 Therapeutic issues 993 Therapeutic issues Medication adherence  994 Off-​label prescribing  996 Plasma level monitoring  998 Paradoxical reactions to benzodiazepines  999 Weight gain with psychiatric medication  1000 Antipsychotics and diabetes  1002 Hyperp...

23 Difficult and urgent situations 1041 Difficult and urgent situations Dealing with psychiatric emergencies  1042 Dealing with crisis situations  1044 Managing suicide attempts in hospital  1046 Severe behavioural disturbance  1048 Rapid tranquillization 1—​g...

1. Learning Theory © SPMM Course Learning Theory The psychological construct of learning refers to the development of a relatively lasting change in behaviour as the result of a single or repeated experience. Non associative learning: These are simple forms ...

2. Basic principles of visual and auditory perception © SPMM Course 2. Basic principles of visual and auditory perception When perceiving an object it needs to be differentiated from its background. Determinants of figure vs. ground differentiation include Co...

3. Information processing and attention © SPMM Course 3. Information processing and attention Focused or selective attention refers to the mechanism by which certain information is registered while others are rejected. Capacity or divided attention refers to t...

4. Memory © SPMM Course 4. Memory In all cognitive operations involving memory 3 different processes are thought to occur.  Encoding - It leads to the formation of initial memory traces and receives information from the outside.  Storage - Retention of infor...

5. Thought & language © SPMM Course 5. Thought & language There are several different theories that consider how language can affect thoughts and behaviour. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis Grammatical structure of mother tongue influences how we perceive the world e.g....