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30 - Olfactory nerve CN I
Olfactory nerve CN I
31 - Optic nerve CN II
Optic nerve CN II © SPMM Course 11. Cranial nerves Olfactory nerve CN I Only sensory nerve to have no thalamic relay Unilateral anosmia should raise the suspicion of a lesion affecting the olfactory nerve filaments, bulb, tract, or stria. Because the cor...
32 - Pupillary light reflex
Pupillary light reflex
33 - The convergence accommodation reflex
The convergence / accommodation reflex
34 - Oculomotor nerve CN III
Oculomotor nerve - CN III
35 - Trochlear nerve CN IV
Trochlear nerve - CN IV © SPMM Course Acuity using the Snellen chart (near and distant vision) Visual fields using confrontation test or perimetry Colour vision using Ishihara chart Fundoscopy Pupillary light reflex Afferent fibres in each optic nerve (some c...
36 - Trigeminal nerve CN V
Trigeminal nerve - CN V
37 - Abducens nerve CN VI
Abducens nerve - CN VI
38 - Facial nerve CN VII
Facial nerve - CN VII
39 - Vestibulocochlear nerve CN VIII
Vestibulocochlear nerve - CN VIII © SPMM Course Trigeminal nerve - CN V The nucleus of the nerve stretches from the midbrain (i.e. mesencephalic nerve) through the pons (main sensory nucleus and motor nucleus) to the cervical region ( a spinal tract of the t...
40 - Glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX
Glossopharyngeal nerve - CN IX
41 - Vagus nerve CN X
Vagus nerve - CN X © SPMM Course hearing should continue to hear the sound. In conductive hearing loss, the patient does not continue to hear the sound since bone conduction, in that case, is better than air conduction. In sensorineural hearing loss, both air ...
42 - Spinal accessory nerve CN XI
Spinal accessory nerve - CN XI
43 - Hypoglossal nerve CN XII
Hypoglossal nerve - CN XII
44 - 12. Traumatic brain injury
12. Traumatic brain injury © SPMM Course Spinal accessory nerve - CN XI Spinal root supplies trapezius and sternocleidomastoid. Hypoglossal nerve - CN XII It provides motor innervation for all the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue. To test the ...
01 - 1. Historical overview
1. Historical overview © SPMM Course Historical overview In 1915, Macht and Mora coined the term "psychopharmacology" when studying opioid alkaloids on rat behavior in a circular maze. In 1931 Sen & Bose, Indian physicians from Calcutta, reported on the ...
02 - 2. Classification of psychotropics
2. Classification of psychotropics © SPMM Course 2. Classification of psychotropics Chemical structure Psychotropics ANTIPSYCHOTICS Aliphatic phenothiazines Chlorpromazine, Promazine, Triflupromazine Piperidine derivatives Thioridazine Piperazine derivatives T...
03 - Novel agents in the making
Novel agents in the making © SPMM Course Classification by mechanisms of action SSRIs Citalopram, Paroxetine, Fluoxetine, Sertraline and Fluvoxamine, S enantiomer of citalopram Escitalopram SNRIs – serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor Venlafaxine, M...