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3. Delusions © SPMM Course 3. Delusions DSM-IV defines a delusion as “A false belief … that is firmly sustained despite what almost everyone else believes and despite what constitutes incontrovertible and obvious proof or evidence to the contrary”. This defini...

4. First Rank Symptoms: © SPMM Course 4. First Rank Symptoms:  Kurt Schneider, a German psychiatrist and a pupil of Karl Jaspers, pointed out certain symptoms as being characteristic of schizophrenia and therefore exhibiting a "first-rank" status in the hiera...

5. Psychopathology of speech

Aspects of conversational speech:

Disorders of phonation/articulation:

Disturbed speech production:

1. Altered speed of speech:

2. Altered amount of speech: © SPMM Course 5. Psychopathology of speech Aspects of conversational speech: Spontaneity: Comments that are not just responses to questions is present in normal speech Turn-taking: Responses and comments are made only when the oth...

3. Repetitive speech:

Disturbed Language processing: © SPMM Course b. Hysterical mutism: This is relatively rare, and the most common hysterical disorder of speech is aphonia. c. Akinetic mutism is associated with lesions of the upper midbrain or posterior diencephalons and Crutzfe...

Components of Language production:

Aphasia:

Disorders of reading and writing: © SPMM Course Components of Language production: Fluency: Production of meaningful words and sentences. Depends on intact Broca’s area and its forward connections. Comprehension: Understanding words and sentences spoken by ot...

6. Disorders of Thought:

Elements of thought: © SPMM Course 6. Disorders of Thought: Normal thinking: Normal thinking is of three types (or functions): Fantasy/dereistic thinking or autistic thinking: There is no goal direction, unrealistic - daydreaming type. Predominant in cluster ...

Formal thought disorders (FTD): © SPMM Course thought disorder’. But note that the term FTD increasingly includes both form and stream errors (not content errors) and scales that measure thought disorder do not differentiate stream from form anymore. Formal th...

Stream of Thought: © SPMM Course space, demonstrating graphical connections between people and qualities in the patient’s personal world. 3. Mortimer considered FTD to be a result of impaired semantic memory – so associations between words and qualities are lo...

Possession /Control of thought: © SPMM Course Possession /Control of thought: Obsessions are unwanted, intrusive, repetitive, senseless thoughts experienced by patients as troublesome and resisted; though the appearance of the thoughts themselves is appreciate...