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4. Family life in relation to major mental illnesses © SPMM Course 4. Family life in relation to major mental illnesses Family is essentially the most basic social unit and microcosm of an individual. The General Systems Model of families holds that families a...

5. Life events © SPMM Course 5. Life events (This section is best read in conjunction with the section on Stress in Basic Psychology chapter) The impact of social and family life events on mental health can be measured in two ways. a. Ranking various events ac...

6. Social factors and mental health issues

Society as a risk factor © SPMM Course 6. Social factors and mental health issues Society as a risk factor Engel’s model of biopsychosocial approach is widely used in aetiological formulations in psychiatric practice, highlighting the prominence of social fact...

Sociology of mental illness © SPMM Course pregnancy complications such as toxaemia or eclampsia, poor maternal health, maternal age, foetal post-maturity, long duration of labour, foetal distress, antepartum haemorrhage, low birth weight and prematurity are as...

Suicide and sociology © SPMM Course  Thus societal-labelling may occur in one-off crises situations or as a gradual shift from acceptance to labelling, depending on contingencies i.e. the effect of such deviances on others concerned. This might explain the fa...

Social factors in schizophrenia © SPMM Course Social factors in schizophrenia The significant social disadvantage (e.g. experience of racism, discrimination, economic and employment disadvantage, the perception of ‘outsider status’) is evident in populations w...

Social factors in addictions © SPMM Course Caribbean men were 29% more likely to have been subject to control and restraint. It is speculated that an association with the use of substances may be a confounder. Schizophrenia and ethnicity: Aetiology & Ethnicity...

7. The sociology of institutions © SPMM Course 7. The sociology of institutions Goffman described a ‘total institution’ as one ‘whose character is symbolized by the barrier to social intercourse with the outside’. Total institutions share the following charact...

8. Criminology and penology © SPMM Course 8. Criminology and penology In simple terms, criminology is the study of crime, its origin and effects; in a broader sense criminology is said to include the study of: i) Attributes of a criminal. ii) Characteristics a...

9. Stigma and prejudice

Themes of stigma © SPMM Course 9. Stigma and prejudice Stigma is an attribute, trait or behaviour that that is considered shameful; that symbolically marks the possessor as unacceptable and inferior or dangerous. (Goffman) STIGMA TYPES Enacted stigma refers to...

Interventions against stigma © SPMM Course 4. Status loss and discrimination follow soon after. According to Corrigan three different stigma components can be distinguished: stereotypes (e.g. schizophrenics are violent), prejudice (endorse negative stereotypes...

10. Culture and mental health © SPMM Course 10. Culture and mental health Comparative psychiatry refers to the study of mental illness in different sociocultural settings; Kraepelin traveled to Southeast Asia and developed the concept of comparative psychiatry...

11. Culture-Bound Syndromes © SPMM Course 11. Culture-Bound Syndromes Culture bound syndromes are identified in both ICD and DSM classification systems. Most of these syndromes are merely locally flavoured varieties of illnesses found elsewhere. Most actually ...

12. Philosophy in psychiatry

Anti-psychiatry movement © SPMM Course 12. Philosophy in psychiatry Philosophy concerns the framework of ideas within which we consider facts presented to us rather than the facts themselves. William James asserted “philosophy is an unusually stubborn effort t...

Philosophical basis of psychopathology © SPMM Course  The labelling model: The features of ‘so called’ mental disorders are, in fact, the response of an individual labelled as deviant (see the section on sociology above).  Hidden meaning model: Apparently ir...