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02 - 14 Pain- Pathophysiology and Management
14 Pain: Pathophysiology and Management Cardinal Manifestations and Presentation of Diseases PART 2 Section 1 Pain James P. Rathmell, Howard L. Fields Pain: Pathophysiology and Management The province of medicine is to preserve and restore health and to relie...
03 - 15 Chest Discomfort
15 Chest Discomfort David A. Morrow Chest Discomfort Chest discomfort is among the most common reasons for which patients present for medical attention at either an emergency depart ment (ED) or an outpatient clinic. The evaluation of nontraumatic chest disco...
04 - 16 Abdominal Pain
16 Abdominal Pain positron emission tomography offers advantages of improved diag nostic performance and fewer nondiagnostic studies than singlephoton emission CT. EXERCISE ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY Exercise electrocardiography has historically been commonly employ...
05 - 17 Headache
17 Headache perforation of abdominal viscera. A diagnosis of anemia may be more helpful than the white blood cell count, especially when com bined with the history. The urinalysis may reveal the state of hydration or rule out severe renal disease, diabetes, o...
06 - 18 Low Back Pain
18 Low Back Pain Steven P. Cohen, Eric J. Wang Low Back Pain EPIDEMIOLOGY Low back pain (LBP) is among the leading causes of years lived with disability worldwide and the principal cause of work-related disability in nearly all industrialized countries. Betwee...
07 - 19 Neck Pain
19 Neck Pain Fan Jiang, Soichiro Takamiya, Michael G. Fehlings Neck Pain Neck pain is a highly prevalent global problem. In the United States, it is the fourth leading cause of disability and can affect people of all ages, genders, and professions. The lifetim...
08 - SECTION 2 Alterations in Body Temperature
SECTION 2 Alterations in Body Temperature PAIN ARISING IN THE SHOULDER REGION ■ ■THORACIC OUTLET SYNDROMES The thoracic outlet contains the first rib, the subclavian artery and vein, the brachial plexus, the clavicle, and the lung apex. Injury to these structu...
09 - 20 Fever
20 Fever PAIN ARISING IN THE SHOULDER REGION ■ ■THORACIC OUTLET SYNDROMES The thoracic outlet contains the first rib, the subclavian artery and vein, the brachial plexus, the clavicle, and the lung apex. Injury to these structures may result in postural or mov...
10 - 21 Fever and Rash
21 Fever and Rash can aggravate the condition of patients with preexisting impairment of cardiac, pulmonary, or CNS function. Children with a history of febrile or nonfebrile seizure should be aggressively treated to reduce fever. However, it is unclear what t...
11 - 22 Fever of Unknown Origin
22 Fever of Unknown Origin example, an eschar may suggest the diagnosis of scrub typhus or rickett sialpox (Fig. A1-33A) (Chap. 192) in the appropriate setting. In other illnesses (e.g., anthrax) (Fig. A1-52) (Chap. S4), an ulcer or eschar may be the only ski...
12 - SECTION 3 Nervous System Dysfunction
SECTION 3 Nervous System Dysfunction ANTIBIOTICS AND ANTITUBERCULOUS THERAPY Antibiotic or antituberculous therapy may irrevocably diminish the ability to culture bacteria. However, hemodynamic instability or neutropenia is a good indication for empirical anti...
13 - 23 Syncope
23 Syncope ANTIBIOTICS AND ANTITUBERCULOUS THERAPY Antibiotic or antituberculous therapy may irrevocably diminish the ability to culture bacteria. However, hemodynamic instability or neutropenia is a good indication for empirical antibiotic therapy. If the TST...
14 - 24 Dizziness and Vertigo
24 Dizziness and Vertigo ■ ■FURTHER READING Brignole M et al: 2018 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and manage ment of syncope. Eur Heart J 39:1883, 2018. Brignole M et al: Cardiac pacing in severe recurrent reflex syncope and tilt-induced asystole. Eur Heart...
15 - 25 Fatigue
25 Fatigue therapy. Vestibular suppressant medications should not be used, as they will increase the imbalance. Evaluation by a neurologist is important not only to confirm the diagnosis but also to consider any other associ ated neurologic abnormalities that...
17 - 27 Numbness, Tingling, and Sensory Loss
27 Numbness, Tingling, and Sensory Loss weakness usually is due to lower motor neuron or peripheral nerve dis ease, such as in a facial palsy. Weakness of part of a limb is commonly due to a peripheral nerve lesion such as an entrapment neuropathy. Relatively...
18 - 28 Gait Disorders, Imbalance, and Falls
28 Gait Disorders, Imbalance, and Falls Jessica M. Baker, Gerald Pankratz Gait Disorders, Imbalance, and Falls PREVALENCE, MORBIDITY, AND MORTALITY Gait and balance problems are common in the elderly and contribute to the risk of falls and injury. Gait disorde...
19 - 29 Confusion and Delirium
29 Confusion and Delirium pressure applied to a small nylon filament is used to assess sensation over the plantar aspect of the foot, can be used to screen for neuropathy in patients with diabetes. Sensory testing should also include proprio ceptive awareness...
20 - 30 Coma
30 Coma PROMOTE WAKEFULNESS AM Delirium Reduction Care Shades up. Lights on. Write date and staff names on board to orient patient. Patient out of bed to chair for all 3 meals. Walk patient 3x/ day. Engage patient in conversation. PART 2 Cardinal Manifestation...