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SECTION 1 Neoplastic Disorders Section 1 Neoplastic Disorders Dan L. Longo Approach to the Patient with Cancer The application of current treatment techniques (surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and biologic therapy) results in the cure of nearly two o...

73 Approach to the Patient with Cancer Section 1 Neoplastic Disorders Dan L. Longo Approach to the Patient with Cancer The application of current treatment techniques (surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and biologic therapy) results in the cure of near...

74 Symptom Control in Patients with Cancer Charles L. Loprinzi, Thomas J. Smith Symptom Control in Patients with Cancer THE FIRST STEP: IMPORTANCE OF PROPER SYMPTOM ASSESSMENT AND RESOLUTION Several randomized trials have now shown that for metastatic cancer p...

75 Prevention and Early Detection of Cancer Jennifer M. Croswell, Otis W. Brawley, Barnett S. Kramer Prevention and Early Detection of Cancer Improved understanding of carcinogenesis has allowed cancer preven­ tion and early detection to expand beyond identifi...

76 Cancer Genetics Manson JE et al: Vitamin D supplements and prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 380:33, 2019. Mcneil JJ et al: Effect of aspirin on all-cause mortality in the healthy elderly. N Engl J Med 379:1519, 2018. Melnikow J ...

77 Cancer Cell Biology obstacle. For example, when a tumor-suppressor gene is inactivated, some downstream component of the pathway is likely to be activated, thereby presenting a realistic target. Alternatively, the mutational inac­ tivation of a DNA repair p...

78 Principles of Cancer Treatment proteins, and many are in clinical development for cancer therapy. In addition, various combinations targeting more than one protein involved in modulating the immune response against cancers or with other anticancer approache...

79 Infections in Patients with Cancer ■ ■DIARRHEA Similar to the vomiting syndromes, chemotherapy-induced diarrhea may be immediate or can occur in a delayed fashion up to 48–72 h after the drugs. Careful attention to maintained hydration and elec­ trolyte rep...

80 Oncologic Emergencies reactivation is advised in the majority of patients with hematologic malignancies on active therapy. In patients with AML receiving induc­ tion or reinduction chemotherapy, prophylaxis with posaconazole should be included. Mold-active ...

81 Cancer of the Skin Premedication with histamine H1 and H2 receptor antagonists and glucocorticoids reduces the incidence of hypersensitivity reaction to taxanes, particularly paclitaxel. Despite premedication, hypersensitiv­ ity reactions may still occur. I...

82 Head and Neck Cancer histologically by the presence of Paget cells. These tumors present as moist erythematous patches on anogenital or axillary skin of the elderly. Outcomes are generally good with surgery, and 5-year diseasespecific survival is 95% with l...

83 Neoplasms of the Lung However, immunotherapies have proven to be of value in this setting. In particular, inhibitors of the immunosuppressive lym­ phocyte surface receptor (PD-1) pathway have shown activity in squamous cell cancers of the head and neck. A r...

84 Breast Cancer TABLE 83-14  Staging Thymic Tumors MASAOKA STAGE DEFINITION I Grossly and microscopically encapsulated IIA Microscopic transcapsular invasion IIB Macroscopic invasion into surrounding tissue excluding pericardium, lung, and great vessels III M...

85 Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Cancers Many chemotherapeutic agents are active in metastatic breast cancer, and selection is based on previous adjuvant chemotherapy and patient preference about route and schedule of administration and side effects. The oral a...

86 Colorectal Cancer ■ ■FURTHER READING Ben-Aharon I et al: Early-onset cancer in the gastrointestinal tract is on the rise-evidence and implications. Cancer Discov 13:538, 2023. Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network: Comprehensive molec­ ular characterization ...

87 Tumors of the Liver and Biliary Tree Rarely, RET fusions and TRK fusions can be seen in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. These patients can have tremendous responses to the appropriate RET and TRK inhibitors with marked prolongation of survival. ...

88 Pancreatic Cancer Eileen M. O’Reilly, Andrew M. Lowy, Daniel D. Von Hoff Pancreatic Cancer Pancreatic cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States, with >66,000 Americans diagnosed and >51,000 dying from the disease eac...

89 Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors TABLE 88-4  Combination Chemotherapy Regimens That Have an Impact on Survival in Stage IV Disease NO. OF PATIENTS MEDIAN OVERALL SURVIVAL (MONTHS) STUDY DESIGN (AUTHOR/REF) Gemcitabine + erlotinib vs gemcitabine (Moore...