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37 - 155 Diphtheria and Other Corynebacterial Infections
155 Diphtheria and Other Corynebacterial Infections The mechanism involves the replacement of the last d-alanine residue of peptidoglycan precursors with d-lactate (e.g., VanA and VanB) or d-serine (e.g., VanC), with consequent high- and low-level resistance, ...
38 - 156 Listeria monocytogenes Infections
156 Listeria monocytogenes Infections Karen P. Neil, Jennifer P. Collins, Patricia M. Griffin Listeria monocytogenes Infections Listeria monocytogenes is a ubiquitous environmental saprophyte and an intracellular pathogen in several animals. Humans develop L. ...
39 - 157 Tetanus
157 Tetanus Gottlieb SL et al: Multistate outbreak of listeriosis linked to turkey deli meat and subsequent changes in US regulatory policy. Clin Infect Dis 42:29, 2006. Hof H: An update on the medical management of listeriosis. Expert Opin Pharmacother 5:1727...
40 - 158 Botulism
158 Botulism Thwaites CL et al: Magnesium sulfate for treatment of severe tetanus: A randomised controlled trial. Lancet 368:1436, 2006. Thwaites CL et al: Predicting the clinical outcome of tetanus: The tetanus severity score. Trop Med Int Health 11:279, 2006...
41 - 159 Gas Gangrene and Other Clostridial Infections
159 Gas Gangrene and Other Clostridial Infections 1315 botulism cases were reported from 25 countries, with the most cases in Italy (311 cases), Romania (239 cases), and Poland (202 cases). Foodborne botulism is the most common form of botulism in Europe. Most...
42 - SECTION 6 Diseases Caused by Gram-Negative Bacteria
SECTION 6 Diseases Caused by Gram-Negative Bacteria Bodey GP et al: Clostridial bacteremia in cancer patients. A 12-year experience. Cancer 67:1928, 1991. Bos J et al: Fatal necrotizing colitis following a foodborne outbreak of enterotoxigenic Clostridium perf...
43 - 160 Meningococcal Infections
160 Meningococcal Infections Bodey GP et al: Clostridial bacteremia in cancer patients. A 12-year experience. Cancer 67:1928, 1991. Bos J et al: Fatal necrotizing colitis following a foodborne outbreak of enterotoxigenic Clostridium perfringens type A infectio...
44 - 161 Gonococcal Infections
161 Gonococcal Infections of the remainder over the next 6 weeks. In outbreaks of meningococcal disease, mass prophylaxis has been used; however, limited data support population intervention, and significant concerns have arisen about adverse events and the de...
45 - 162 Haemophilus and Moraxella Infections
162 Haemophilus and Moraxella Infections Gonococcal meningitis and endocarditis should be treated in the hospital with high-dose IV ceftriaxone (1–2 g IV every 12–24 h); therapy should continue for 10–14 days for meningitis and for at least 4 weeks for endocar...
47 - 164 Legionella Infections
164 Legionella Infections have been reported. Shewanella species also cause chronic ulcers of the lower extremities, bacteremia, osteomyelitis, biliary tract infections, pneumonia, sepsis, and potentially chronic otitis media. A fulminant course is associated ...
48 - 165 Pertussis and Other Bordetella Infections
165 Pertussis and Other Bordetella Infections of the organization’s water system, identification of high-risk areas (e.g., transplant units, oncology floors), identification of at-risk struc tures for Legionella growth, implementation and monitoring of con t...
49 - 166 Diseases Caused by Gram-Negative Enteric Bacilli
166 Diseases Caused by Gram-Negative Enteric Bacilli ■ ■FURTHER READING Craig R et al: Asymptomatic infection and transmission of pertussis in households: A systematic review. Clin Infect Dis 70:152, 2020. Forsyth KD et al: Recommendations to control pertussis...
50 - 167 Acinetobacter Infections
167 Acinetobacter Infections EDWARDSIELLA INFECTIONS E. tarda is the only member of the genus Edwardsiella that is associated with human disease. This organism is found predominantly in freshwa ter and marine environments and in the associated aquatic animal ...
51 - 168 Helicobacter pylori Infections
168 Helicobacter pylori Infections ■ ■INFECTION CONTROL AND PREVENTION Acinetobacter species are capable of surviving on hospital surfaces for prolonged periods. In the hospital environment, A. baumannii has been associated with establishment of a fecal patina...
52 - 169 Infections Due to Campylobacter and Related Organisms
169 Infections Due to Campylobacter and Related Organisms rates of primary antibiotic resistance in most H. pylori strains in a particular locale. For this reason, guidelines on optimal regimens for H. pylori eradication in individual countries are evolving, a...
53 - 170 Infections Due to Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, and Stenotrophomonas Species
170 Infections Due to Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, and Stenotrophomonas Species Kartikeya Cherabuddi, Reuben Ramphal Infections Due to Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, and Stenotrophomonas Species The pseudomonads are a heterogeneous group of gram-negative bacteria th...
54 - 171 Salmonellosis
171 Salmonellosis macrolides azithromycin and clarithromycin. B. mallei infection should be treated with the same drugs and for the same duration as melioidosis. STENOTROPHOMONAS MALTOPHILIA S. maltophilia is the only potential human pathogen among a genus of ...
55 - 172 Shigellosis
172 Shigellosis Philippe J. Sansonetti, Jean Bergounioux Shigellosis The discovery of Shigella as the etiologic agent of dysentery—a clinical syndrome of fever, intestinal cramps, and frequent passage of small, bloody, mucopurulent stools—is attributed to the ...