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203 Human Papillomavirus Infections HUMAN BOCAPARVOVIRUSES ■ ■DEFINITION Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) of the genus Bocaparvovirus, discovered in 2005, causes both upper and lower respiratory tract infections in young children and affects almost all children befor...

SECTION 13 Infections Due to DNA and RNA Respiratory Viruses TABLE 203-1  Recommended Treatments for Genital Warts Caused by Human Papillomavirusa TREATMENT IMIQUIMOD CRYOTHERAPY INTERFERON SURGICAL REMOVAL LASER Effectiveness Good Good Good Excellent Excellen...

204 Common Viral Respiratory Infections, Other Than COVID-19 TABLE 203-1  Recommended Treatments for Genital Warts Caused by Human Papillomavirusa TREATMENT IMIQUIMOD CRYOTHERAPY INTERFERON SURGICAL REMOVAL LASER Effectiveness Good Good Good Excellent Excellen...

205 SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 such as temperature and ventilation. Viruses transmitted by this route are SARS-CoV, measles virus, and VZV. Patients with these infections should be managed with personal respiratory protection and special ventilation and air handl...

206 Influenza Kathleen M. Neuzil Influenza ■ ■DEFINITION The term influenza represents both a clinically defined respiratory illness accompanied by systemic symptoms of fever, malaise, and myalgia and the name of the orthomyxoviruses that cause this syndrome. ...

207 The Human Retroviruses treatment, Native Americans (including Alaska Natives), morbidly obese individuals, and residents of nursing homes or chronic-care facilities. This list resembles that of candidates whose vaccination is a high priority (Table 206-2)....

208 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease: AIDS and Related Disorders effects (as a chain-terminating thymidine analogue) rather than its antiviral effects. Selected series have reported high rates of response and a 40% rate of 5-year survival; however, this le...

SECTION 1 Introduction to Cardiovascular Disorders Disorders of the Cardiovascular System PART 6 Section 1 Introduction to Cardiovascular Disorders Joseph Loscalzo Approach to the Patient with Possible Cardiovascular Disease ■ ■THE MAGNITUDE OF THE PROBLEM Ca...

244 Basic Biology of the Cardiovascular System By contrast, two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography (Chap. 248) are indicated in patients with loud systolic murmurs (grades ≥III/ VI), especially those that are holosystolic or late systolic, and in most pa...

245 Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease A are metabolized distinctly in cardiac muscle. Glucose is converted in the cytoplasm into pyruvate, which passes into mitochondria for conversion into acetyl-CoA that then undergoes oxidation. FFAs are converted to a...

SECTION 2 Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disorders who stand to benefit the most from specific, low-cost prevention interventions, including screening for and treatment of hypertension and elevated cholesterol. Simple, low-cost interventions, such as the “polypil...

246 Physical Examination of the Cardiovascular System who stand to benefit the most from specific, low-cost prevention interventions, including screening for and treatment of hypertension and elevated cholesterol. Simple, low-cost interventions, such as the “p...

247 Electrocardiography Fang LC et al: History, physical examination, and the virtual visit. An evidence-based approach, in Braunwald’s Heart Disease. A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 12th ed, RO Bonow et al (eds). Philadelphia, Elsevier/Saunders, 2022,...

SECTION 3 Disorders of Rhythm PART 6 Disorders of the Cardiovascular System FIGURE 249-8  Fractional flow reserve. The fractional flow reserve is measured using a coronary pressure-sensor guidewire that measures the ratio of the pressure in the coronary artery...

250 Principles of Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology PART 6 Disorders of the Cardiovascular System FIGURE 249-8  Fractional flow reserve. The fractional flow reserve is measured using a coronary pressure-sensor guidewire that measures the ratio of the pressure...

251 The Bradyarrhythmias: Disorders of the Sinoatrial Node ablative energy sources have been explored over the years, includ­ ing cryothermy, light spectrum (laser), microwave, ultrasound, and more recently pulsed field electroporation, which injures targeted ...

253 Approach to Supraventricular Arrhythmias ■ ■FURTHER READING Jalife J, Stevenson W (eds): Zipes and Jalife’s Cardiac Electrophysiology: From Cell to Bedside, 8th ed. Philadelphia, Elsevier, 2022. Kusumoto FM et al: 2018 ACC/AHA/HRS guideline on the evaluati...

254 Physiologic and Nonphysiologic Sinus Rhythm The most common SVT is sinus tachycardia in response to physi­ ologic stress, such as exercise, but it can also be a manifestation of acute illness. The first step in diagnosis of SVT is to consider the possibili...