Search Results

313 Mechanical Ventilatory Support patients who survive regain nearly normal lung function. Patients usu­ ally recover maximal lung function within 6 months. One year after endotracheal extubation, more than one-third of ARDS survivors have normal spirometry v...

SECTION 2 Shock and Cardiac Arrest TABLE 313-4  Main Types and Key Features of Extracorporeal Gas Exchange TERM DESCRIPTION KEY FEATURES IMPORTANT TECHNICAL NOTES VA-ECMO (venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) Deoxygenated blood drains via venous c...

314 Approach to the Patient with Shock TABLE 313-4  Main Types and Key Features of Extracorporeal Gas Exchange TERM DESCRIPTION KEY FEATURES IMPORTANT TECHNICAL NOTES VA-ECMO (venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) Deoxygenated blood drains via veno...

315 Sepsis and Septic Shock Gitz Holler et al: Etiology of shock in the emergency department: A 12-year population-based cohort study. Shock 51:60, 2019. McGuire WC et al: Management strategies for acute pulmonary embolism in the intensive care unit. Chest 166...

316 Cardiogenic Shock and Pulmonary Edema for guiding interventions or improving outcomes in sepsis is unproven. The pathogenesis of coagulation abnormalities in sepsis, as discussed above, is attributed to activation of innate immune cellular and soluble resp...

317 Cardiovascular Collapse, Cardiac Arrest, and Sudden Cardiac Death For pulmonary edema resulting from upper airway obstruction, recognition of the obstructing cause is key because treatment then is to relieve or bypass the obstruction. ■ ■FURTHER READING Al...

SECTION 3 Neurologic Critical Care function and HF are at substantially elevated SCD risk, only ~20% of all SCDs occur in patients with poor left ventricular function. Most SCDs occur in individuals with preserved ventricular function who would not qualify for...

318 Nervous System Disorders in Critical Care function and HF are at substantially elevated SCD risk, only ~20% of all SCDs occur in patients with poor left ventricular function. Most SCDs occur in individuals with preserved ventricular function who would not ...

320 Cell Biology and Physiology of the Kidney palpable mass best felt with the patient supine, usually in a thin patient but occasionally due to a very large protruding mass. Very large masses or multiple masses that are easily palpable may represent cystic di...

321 Acute Kidney Injury ■ ■SODIUM BALANCE The perception of extracellular blood volume is determined, in part, by the integration of arterial tone, cardiac stroke volume, heart rate, and the water and solute content of extracellular fluid. Na+ and accompanying...

322 Chronic Kidney Disease can be performed by convective clearance (continuous venovenous hemofiltration [CVVH]), in which large volumes of plasma water (and accompanying solutes) are forced across the semipermeable membrane by means of hydrostatic pressure; ...

323 Dialysis in the Treatment of Kidney Failure Kathleen D. Liu, Glenn M. Chertow Dialysis in the Treatment of Kidney Failure Dialysis may be required for the treatment of either acute or chronic kidney disease (CKD). The use of continuous renal replacement th...

324 Interventional Nephrology country by region, and it is influenced by economic and other major factors. In general, peritoneal dialysis is more commonly performed in poorer countries owing to its lower expense and the high cost of establishing in-center hem...

325 Kidney Transplantation Jamil R. Azzi, Naoka Murakami, Anil K. Chandraker Kidney Transplantation Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Worldwide, tens of thousands of kidney transplants have bee...

326 Glomerular Diseases population at large, and this is particularly true of diabetic patients. Contributing factors are the use of glucocorticoids and sirolimus, as well as hypertension. Recipients of renal transplants have a high prevalence of coronary arte...

328 Tubulointerstitial Diseases of the Kidney Laurence H. Beck, Jr., David J. Salant Tubulointerstitial Diseases of the Kidney Inflammation or fibrosis of the renal interstitium and atrophy of the tubular compartment are common consequences of diseases that ta...

329 Thrombotic Renovascular Disorders Adulterants in unregulated herbal and traditional medicaments pose a threat of toxic interstitial nephritis, as exemplified by aristolochic acid contamination of herbal slimming preparations. Contamination of food sources ...

330 Nephrolithiasis COVID-19 AND MICROVASCULAR DISEASE The COVID-19 pandemic, cause by SARS-CoV-2, has led to many com­ plications, including both macrovascular and microvascular thrombo­ ses. SARS-CoV-2 attaches to the cell membrane via interaction of the vir...