Search Results

Parenteral nutrition Indications and composition of parenteral nutrition Nutrition may need to be delivered intravenously in patients in whom adequate feeding through the alimentary tract is not possible. This can be either in addition to enteral feeding (supp...

SUMMARY Appropriate and safe assessment and administration of fluid therapy and nutritional support is of key importance in good surgical practice. It is imperative that the preoperative nutritional state of the patient and the impact of any surgical inte...

The effect of the metabolic response to surgery on nutrition The metabolic response to surgery is a ff ected not only by the induced fasting period but also by the phenomenon of insulin resistance, which has been described in surgery and in other similar stress...

The effect of the metabolic response to surgery on nutrition The metabolic response to surgery is a ff ected not only by the induced fasting period but also by the phenomenon of insulin resistance, which has been described in surgery and in other similar stress...

solutions Intravenous fluid replacement may be necessary in conditions of gastrointestinal absorptive impairment or large fluid losses that cannot be quickly replaced via the enteral route. The specific type of fluid replacement therapy will be determined by th...

ASSESSMENT AND RESPONSE ASSESSMENT AND RESPONSE ASSESSMENT AND RESPONSE

CONCLUSION Trauma can a ff ect all patient age groups. The severity of injury depends on the type and nature of the mechanical force applied. The formula ‘patient + mechanism = injury’ should be kept in mind when dealing with trauma patients. There is a connec...

DEFINITION OF TRAUMA Trauma can be defined as an injury to any part of the human body as the result of energy transfer from an inflicting source. The forces that can lead to injury include chemical, thermal, ionising radiation and mechanical. The extent and se...

FURTHER READING Department for Transport. Reported road casualties in Great Britain: 2019 annual report , 2020. Available from https://assets.publishing.service. gov .uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/ file/922717/reported-road-casualties-ann...

Introduction No content extracted automatically.

LOCAL PROTOCOLS AND GUIDELINES While the ATLS protocol has become the standard of care for the initial management of patients with multiple injuries, other protocols and guidelines have also been developed to facilitate the treatment of patients in a more s...

Learning objectives Become familiar with the timeline concept in trauma • management Understand how to assess a trauma problem • Learning objectives Become familiar with the timeline concept in trauma • management Understand how to assess a trauma problem • Le...

Planning an individual operation Operative procedures in a multiply injured patient in a crit ical physiological state can be essential for their survival. It is vital to make the right decision the first time. This can be successfully done by studying in detai...

THE MAGNITUDE OF THE PROBLEM In western industrialised countries, trauma accounts for the largest number of deaths and disability in children and young adults. According to the World Health Organization, there are an estimated 5 million injury fatalities worl...

THE RESPONSE TO TRAUMA Completion of the initial patient evaluation according to the formula (patient + mechanism = injury) should provide the necessary information to formulate and implement a ‘response’ (treatment). During this stage of management, the res...

The assessment of trauma Traditionally , and especially when learning the theory of the various component parts of the assessment of the injured patient, this is done in a sequential linear fashion. However, opriate when dealing with a severely injured pati...

The medical response to injury Initial management After initial assessment of the patient’s condition at the scene of an accident, paramedics communicate with the nearest hospital, triggering activation of ‘the trauma team on call’ and allowing personnel to...

The patient’s response to injury Immediately after the traumatic event, physiological reactions are initiated as part of the body’s homeostasis mechanisms to preserve vital organ functions and to maintain survival. Initial responses represented by the so-call...