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Chapter 4 Notes & Notes for MRCP By Dr. Yousif Abdallah Hamad Chapter 4 Neurology Prognosis • BPPV has a good prognosis and usually resolves spontaneously after a few weeks to months. MRCPUK-part-1-May 2017 exam: H/O vertigo and dizziness precipitated by a cha...

Pages 776-800 Upper limb anatomy The information below contains selected facts which commonly appear in examinations: Nerve Motor Sensory Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C7) Elbow flexion (supplies biceps brachii) and supination Axillary nerve (C5, C6) Shoulder ab...

Chapter 5 Notes & Notes for MRCP By Dr. Yousif Abdallah Hamad Chapter 5 Cardiology  reduced venous return, and  reduced peripheral resistance • Sinoatrial node has the fastest firing rate of all potential pacemakers in the heart. Sinoatrial node impulses m...

Pages 826-850 Notes & Notes for MRCP By Dr. Yousif Abdallah Hamad ECG: Junctional escape rhythm • Junctional escape rhythm describes an abnormal heart rhythm that arises within the AV node or from an adjacent area. • There is a slow, regular pulse rate. • Comm...

Chapter 5 Notes & Notes for MRCP By Dr. Yousif Abdallah Hamad Chapter 5 Cardiology calculated valve area in patients with severe left ventricular (LV) dysfunction can be falsely low because low cardiac output reduces the valve opening forces. It is important...

Pages 876-900 Indications for a temporary pacemaker • symptomatic/haemodynamically unstable bradycardia, not responding to atropine • post-ANTERIOR MI: type 2 or complete heart block post-INFERIOR MI complete heart block is common and can be managed conservat...

Chapter 5 Notes & Notes for MRCP By Dr. Yousif Abdallah Hamad Chapter 5 Cardiology Pericardial effusion Causes • infectious pericarditis: viral, tuberculosis, pyogenic spread from septicaemia and pneumonia • uraemia • idiopathic • post myocardial infarction (...

Pages 926-950 Notes & Notes for MRCP By Dr. Yousif Abdallah Hamad Risk factors The highest prevalence of myocardial infarction is 72 hours post operation. Patients with diabetes may not have chest pain due to autonomic dysfunction. Investigations • ECG (best i...

Chapter 5 Notes & Notes for MRCP By Dr. Yousif Abdallah Hamad Chapter 5 Cardiology Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) • TOF is the most common cause of cyanotic congenital heart disease*. *however, at birth transposition of the great arteries is the more common lesio...

Pages 976-1000 Notes & Notes for MRCP By Dr. Yousif Abdallah Hamad  hormonal effects,  external compression, and  intrinsic changes in the ureteral wall. Urinary frequency and nocturia are common, but usually require no specific treatment. Urinary incontin...

Chapter 6 Notes & Notes for MRCP By Dr. Yousif Abdallah Hamad Chapter 6 Nephrology Haemodialysis (HD) Assessment of haemodialysis adequacy: The adequacy of haemodialysis session is best measured by : • 'Clearance' is used to indicate dialysis adequacy, and mos...

Pages 1026-1050 Notes & Notes for MRCP By Dr. Yousif Abdallah Hamad • classical post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis in child • presents as nephritic syndrome / acute kidney injury • The following features are supportive of diagnosis: haematuria proteinuria...

Chapter 6 Notes & Notes for MRCP By Dr. Yousif Abdallah Hamad Chapter 6 Nephrology Type Type 1 Type 2 Type 4 Location Distal tubules Proximal tubules Adrenal Acidosis? Yes (severe) Yes Mild when present Potassium Hypokalemia Hypokalemia Hyperkalemia Pathophysi...

Pages 1076-1100 Notes & Notes for MRCP By Dr. Yousif Abdallah Hamad Catheter-Associated UTI Overview • Once catheter is in place, the • risk of bacteriuria Once catheter is in place: short-term catheterization (ie, 2-4 days) 10% - 30% long-term catheteriza...

Chapter 7 Notes & Notes for MRCP By Dr. Yousif Abdallah Hamad Chapter 7 Haematology&Oncology Types • Sickle cell trait: heterozygous (HbAS)  occurs when a child inherits a sickle gene from one parent and a normal gene from the other parent. • Sickle cell dise...

Pages 1126-1150 Notes & Notes for MRCP By Dr. Yousif Abdallah Hamad Superficial thrombophlebitis • Superficial thrombophlebitis, as the name suggests describes the inflammation associated with thrombosis of one of the superficial veins, usually the long saphe...

Chapter 7 Notes & Notes for MRCP By Dr. Yousif Abdallah Hamad Chapter 7 Haematology&Oncology the hexose-monophosphate shunt pathway within the erythrocyte. Through this pathway, oxidizing agents are reduced by glutathione. The second and more important mechan...

Pages 1176-1200 Notes & Notes for MRCP By Dr. Yousif Abdallah Hamad • High total leucocyte count (TLC) leads to leucostasis and hyperviscosity drowsiness and retinal vein dilatation. • Blood film reveals white cells predominantly myeloblasts and promyelocytes...