Search Results

Slipped upper femoral epiphysis A slipped upper femoral epiphysis classically occurs in a child approaching puberty . It is easily missed as symptoms may be mild and the predominant symptom may be knee pain referred from the hip. A history of trauma may be o ...

TO TOE) Scaphoid fracture The blood supply to the scaphoid enters distally and supplies the scaphoid in a retrograde fashion. As such, a displaced waist of scaphoid fracture interrupts the blood supply to the proximal pole, leading to avascular necrosis. An u...

TREATMENT BY FRACTURE LOCATION In general, the principles of treatment described above are dependent on the fracture location: diaphyseal, metaphyseal and intra-articular. Table 32.11 outlines some indications for operative stabi - lisation. TREATMENT BY FRAC...

TREATMENT OF FRACTURES IN THE SKELETALL Y IMMATURE The treatment principles that were described for the adult are equally applicable to the child (i.e. reduce, hold, heal, rehabilitate). A major di ff erence to consider is that in extra-articular fractures ther...

TREATMENT The main principle of extremity fracture management builds on the classical concept of reduction and stabilisation of the fracture. Treatment can be considered under the following headings (see Apley’s system of orthopaedics and frac - tures [Furt...

Talus fracture The talus consists of a head, neck and body . The most common injury is a talar neck fracture. This is caused by forced dorsiflexion of the forefoot (aviator’s astragalus). The blood supply to the body of the talus is interrupted in displaced ...

Tarsometatarsal (Lisfranc) joint injuries Injuries to the midfoot are associated with significant morbidity ranging from a midfoot sprain to complete rupture of the liga - ments connecting the forefoot to the midfoot. Injury classically follows forced plantar...

Terminology of bone healing after fracture Union The fracture has healed su ffi ciently from a clinical perspective to withstand physiological loads, with very little pain and mini mal tenderness at the fracture site. Radiologically a fracture has united when th...

Thumb metacarpophalangeal ulnar collateral ligament Injury to the thumb metacarpal ulnar collateral ligament is a unique injury often termed ‘gamekeeper’s thumb’ or ‘skier’s thumb’. Owing to the unique anatomical arrangement of adductor pollicis, if the liga...