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Ectopic/aberrant salivary gland tissue The presence of ectopic salivary tissue in the mandible can manifest as circumscribed unilocular osteolytic radiolucency of the jaw , known as a Stafne bone cyst. They are possibly caused by either congenital entrapment...

FURTHER READING El-Naggar AK, Chan JKC, Grandis JR et al. (eds). Tumours of the salivary glands , 4th edn. Lyon: IARC Press, 2017. Pusztaszeri M, Rossi ED, Baloch ZW , Faquin WC. Salivary gland fine needle aspiration and introduction of the Milan reporting sy...

INVESTIGATIONS Imaging Various modalities, from plain radiography to ultrasonography , CT , MRI and sialography are available to clinicians. In most cases, CT scans are considered superior for di ff erentiating neoplasms from inflammatory conditions, while MRI s...

Immunological conditions Sjögren’s syndrome Sjögren’s syndrome (SjS) is a chronic autoimmune disease with lymphocytic infiltration and autoimmune injury to the salivary and lacrimal glands, leading to dryness of the mouth ology of the disease is evolving and i...

INTRODUCTION The parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands are the three paired major salivary glands; the minor salivary glands are multiple and situated mainly in the lips, buccal mucosa, tongue and palate, but they can be present anywhere along the aerod...

Learning objectives To understand: The surgical anatomy of the salivary glands • The presentation, pathology and investigation of salivary • gland disease Learning objectives To understand: The surgical anatomy of the salivary glands • The presentation, pathol...

Malignant tumours Mucoepidermoid carcinoma Mucoepidermoid carcinomas are malignancies consisting of mucinous, intermediate and squamoid tumour cells in vari - able proportions. They are the most common salivary gland malignancies in children and young adults,...

Minor salivary glands Minor salivary glands appear at about the 12th week of gesta - tion, forming directly from upper respiratory ectoderm. They develop as individual units with simple tubuloacinar systems. The minor salivary glands lack a distinct capsule...

Mucoceles Extravasation mucoceles and retention cysts are formed by - mucous extravasation. Both have similar clinical features but variable distinct pathogenesis ( Figure 54.2 ). - Extravasation mucocele Trauma to the minor salivary gland duct causes accumula...

NEOPLASMS OF THE SALIVARY GLAND Primary salivary gland neoplasms are extremely rare and form less than 3% of head and neck malignancies. The incidence is 0.4–13.5 cases per 100 /uni00A0 000 for benign neoplasms and 0.4–2.6 per 100 /uni00A0 000 for malignant t...

Parotid gland Understanding a gland’s development gives us insight into the pathophysiology of the various disorders a ffl icting it. The parotid gland is ectodermal in origin and develops in the sixth week of gestation, when the epithelial buds invaginate fro...

Parotidectomy In parotidectomy , the tumour is removed with a cu ff of normal surrounding tissue where possible. The embryological develop - ment of the parotid with its late encapsulation not only embeds vessels, nerves and lymph nodes within the capsule but...

STAGING OF SALIVARY GLAND MALIGNANCIES Major salivary gland malignancies are staged using the eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging. However, minor salivary gland malignancies are staged as per their site of origin. The prim...

SURGERY AND COMPLICATIONS Submandibular gland resection The submandibular gland is surrounded by important struc tures and its removal is fairly straightforward if planned well. The approaches to the submandibular gland are transcutane ous (such as lateral tr...

SURGERY AND COMPLICATIONS Submandibular gland resection The submandibular gland is surrounded by important struc tures and its removal is fairly straightforward if planned well. The approaches to the submandibular gland are transcutane ous (such as lateral tr...

Sialadenitis Inflammation of a salivary gland can be acute or chronic ( Table 54.2 ). Acute causes include viral and bacterial infec - tion. It mainly a ff ects the young adolescent population. Parotid glands are more commonly involved than submandibular glands...

Sialolithiasis Salivary gland stones can form in the gland ducts. Patients between the ages of 30 and 60 with sialolithiasis typically pres - ent with cyclical postprandial swelling of the major salivary glands and dryness possibly due to decreased salivary ...

Sialorrhoea Excess salivation is rarely symptomatic in healthy individuals as it is swallowed spontaneously . Certain drugs and oral infection produce a transient increase in salivary flow; however, uncon trolled drooling is usually seen in the presence of nor...