Skip to main content

07 - References

References

Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Requirements for ICD-11 Mental, Behavioural or Neurodevelopmental Disorders References2 1. World Health Assembly Update, 25 May 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019 (https://www.who.int/news/item/25-05-2019world-health-assembly-update). 2. ICD-11 Reference Guide. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019 (https://icdcdn.who.int/ icd11referenceguide/en/html/index.html). 3. Basic documents, 49th edition. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020 (https://apps.who. int/iris/handle/10665/339554). 4. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD). Geneva: World Health Organization; 2022 (https://www.who.int/standards/classifications/ classification-of-diseases). 5. International Advisory Group for the Revision of ICD-10 Mental and Behavioural Disorders. A conceptual framework for the revision of the ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders. World Psychiatry. 2011;10:86–92. doi:10.1002/j.2051-5545.2011.tb00022.x. 6. Reed GM, First MB, Kogan CS, Hyman SE, Gureje O, Gaebel W et al. Innovations and changes in the ICD-11 classification of mental, behavioural and neurodevelopmental disorders. World Psychiatry. 2019;18:3–19. doi:10.1002/ wps.20611. 7. Rehm J, Shield KD. Global burden of disease and the impact of mental and addictive disorders. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2019;21(2):10. doi:10.1007/s11920-019-0997-0. 8. ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics (ICD-11 MMS) [website]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2023 (https://ICD.who. int/browse11/l-m/en#/). 9. International statistical classification of diseases, injuries and causes of death, sixth revision. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1949. 10. Manual of the international statistical classification of diseases, injuries, and causes of death. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1957. 11. International statistical classification of diseases, injuries, and causes of death, eighth revision. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1967. 12. Glossary of mental disorders and guide to their classification. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1974. 13. International statistical classification of diseases, injuries, and causes of death, ninth revision. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1979. 2 All references accessed 22–28 February 2023. 14. International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems, 10th revision. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1992. 15. The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders: clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1992. 16. First MB, Reed GM, Hyman SE, Saxena S. The development of the ICD-11 clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines for mental and behavioural disorders. World Psychiatry. 2015;14(1):82–90. doi:10.1002/wps.20189. 17. Keeley JW, Reed GM, Roberts MC, Evans SC, Medina-Mora ME, Robles R et al. Developing a science of clinical utility in diagnostic classification systems field study strategies for ICD-11 mental and behavioral disorders. Am Psychol. 2016;71(1):3–16. doi:10.1037/ a0039972. 18. Reed GM, Sharan P, Rebello TJ, Keeley JW, Medina-Mora ME, Gureje O et al. The ICD11 developmental field study of reliability of diagnoses of high-burden mental disorders: results among adult patients in mental health settings of 13 countries. World Psychiatry. 2018;17(2):174–86. doi:10.1002/wps.20524. 19. Reed GM, Keeley JW, Rebello TJ, First MB, Gureje O, Ayuso-Mateos JL et al. Clinical utility of ICD-11 diagnostic guidelines for high-burden mental disorders: results from mental health settings in 13 countries. World Psychiatry. 2018;17(3):306–15. doi:10.1002/ wps.20581. 20. Gaebel W. Status of psychotic disorders in ICD-11. Schizophr Bull. 2012;38(5):895–8. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbs104. 21. Maj M, Reed GM, editors. The ICD-11 classification of mood and anxiety disorders: Background and options. World Psychiatry. 2012;11(Suppl. 1). 22. Stein DJ, Kogan CS, Atmaca M, Fineberg NA, Fontenelle LF, Grant JE et al. The classification of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders in the ICD-11. J Affect Disord. 2016;190:663–74. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.10.061. 23. Kogan CS, Stein DJ, Maj M, First MB, Emmelkamp PM, Reed GM. The classification of anxiety and fear-related disorders in the ICD-11. Depress Anxiety. 2016;33(12):1141–54. doi:10.1002/da.22530. 24. Maercker A, Brewin CR, Bryant RA, Cloitre M, van Ommeren M, Jones LM et al. Diagnosis and classification of disorders specifically associated with stress: proposals for ICD-11. World Psychiatry. 2013;12(3):198–206. doi:10.1002/ wps.20057.

  1. Poznyak V, Reed GM, Medina-Mora ME. Aligning the ICD-11 classification of disorders due to substance use with global service needs. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2018;27(3):212–18. doi:10.1017/S2045796017000622.
  2. Krueger RB, Reed GM, First MB, Marais A, Kismodi E, Briken P. Proposals for paraphilic disorders in the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Eleventh Revision (ICD-11). Arch Sex Behav. 2017;46(5):1529–45. doi:10.1007/s10508-0170944-2.
  3. Fuss J, Lemay K, Stein DJ, Briken P, Jakob R, Reed GM et al. Public stakeholders’ comments on ICD-11 chapters related to mental and sexual health. World Psychiatry. 2019;18(2):233–5. doi:10.1002/wps.20635.
  4. Guler J, Roberts MC, Medina-Mora ME, Robles R, Gureje O, Keeley JW et al. Global collaborative team performance for the revision of the International Classification of Diseases: a case study of the World Health Organization Field Studies Coordination Group. Int J Clin Health Psychol. 2018;18(3):189–200. doi:10.1016/j. ijchp.2018.07.001.
  5. Reed GM, Mendonça Correia J, Esparza P, Saxena S, Maj M. The WPA-WHO Global Survey of Psychiatrists’ Attitudes Towards Mental Disorders Classification. World Psychiatry. 2011;10(2):118–
  6. doi:10.1002/j.2051-5545.2011.tb00034.x.
  7. Evans SC, Reed GM, Roberts MC, Esparza P, Watts AD, Correia JM et al. Psychologists’ perspectives on the diagnostic classification of mental disorders: results from the WHO-IUPsyS Global Survey. Int J Psychol. 2013;48(3):177–93. doi:10.1080/00207594.2013.804189.
  8. Robles R, Fresán A, Evans SC, Medina-Mora ME, Maj M, Reed GM. Problematic, absent and stigmatizing diagnoses in current mental disorders classifications: results from the WHOWPA and WHO-IUPsyS Global Surveys. Int J Clin Health Psychol. 2014;14(3):165–77. doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2014.03.003.
  9. Robles R, Fresán A, Medina-Mora ME, Sharan P, Roberts MC, Mari JJ et al. Categories that should be removed from mental disorders classifications: perspectives and rationales of clinicians from eight countries. J Clin Psychol. 2015;71(3):267–
  10. doi:10.1002/jclp.22145.
  11. Roberts MC, Reed GM, Medina-Mora ME, Keeley JW, Sharan P, Johnson DK et al. A global clinicians’ map of mental disorders to improve ICD-11: analysing meta-structure to enhance clinical utility. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2012;24(6):578–90. doi:10.3109/09540261.201 2.736368.
  12. Reed GM, Roberts MC, Keeley J, Hooppell C, Matsumoto C, Sharan P et al. Mental health professionals’ natural taxonomies of mental disorders: implications for the clinical utility of the ICD-11 and the DSM-5. J Clin Psychol. 2013;69(12):1191–212. doi:10.1002/jclp.22031. Introduction
  13. Evans SC, Roberts MC, Keeley JW, Blossom JB, Amaro CM, Garcia AM et al. Vignette methodologies for studying clinicians’ decisionmaking: validity, utility, and application in ICD-11 field studies. Int J Clin Health Psychol. 2015;15(2):160–70. doi:10.1016/j. ijchp.2014.12.001.
  14. Keeley JW, Gaebel W, First MB, Peterson DL, Rebello T, Sharan P et al. Psychotic disorder symptom rating scales: are dichotomous or multi-point scales more clinically useful? – An ICD-11 field study. Schizophr Res. 2018;202:254–
  15. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2018.07.006.
  16. First MB, Rebello TJ, Keeley JW, Bhargava R, Dai Y, Kulygina M et al. Do mental health professionals use diagnostic classifications the way we think they do? A global survey. World Psychiatry. 2018;17(2):187–95. doi:10.1002/ wps.20525.
  17. Keeley JW, Briken P, Evans SC, First MB, Klein V, Krueger RB et al. Can clinicians use dimensional information to make a categorical diagnosis of paraphilic disorders? An ICD-11 field study. J Sex Med. 2021;18(9):1592–606. doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.06.016.
  18. Keeley JW, Reed GM, Roberts MC, Evans SC, Robles R, Matsumoto C et al. Disorders specifically associated with stress: a case-controlled field study for ICD-11 mental and behavioural disorders. Int J Clin Health Psychol. 2016;16(2):109–27. doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2015.09.002.
  19. Claudino AM, Pike KM, Hay P, Keeley JW, Evans SC, Rebello TJ et al. The classification of feeding and eating disorders in the ICD-11: results of a field study comparing proposed ICD-11 guidelines with existing ICD-10 guidelines. BMC Med. 2019;17(1):93. doi:10.1186/s12916-019-1327-4.
  20. Peterson DL, Webb CA, Keeley JW, Gaebel W, Zielasek J, Rebello TJ et al. The reliability and clinical utility of ICD-11 schizoaffective disorder: a field trial. Schizophr Res. 2019;208:235–41. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2019.02.011.
  21. Rebello TJ, Keeley JW, Kogan CS, Sharan P, Matsumoto C, Kuligyna M et al. Anxiety and fear-related disorders in the ICD-11: results from a global case-controlled field study. Arch Med Res. 2019;50(8):490–501. doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2019.12.012.
  22. Kogan CS, Stein DJ, Rebello TJ, Keeley JW, Chan KJ, Fineberg NA et al. Accuracy of diagnostic judgements using ICD-11 vs. ICD-10 diagnostic guidelines for obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. J Affect Disord. 2020;273:328–40. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.103.
  23. Kogan CS, Maj M, Rebello TJ, Keeley JW, Kulygina M, Matsumoto C et al. A global field study of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) mood disorders clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines. J Affect Disord. 2021;295:1138–50. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.050.

Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Requirements for ICD-11 Mental, Behavioural or Neurodevelopmental Disorders 45. Evans SC, Roberts MC, Keeley JW, Rebello TJ, de la Peña F, Lochman JE et al. Diagnostic classification of irritability and oppositionality in youth: a global field study comparing ICD11 with ICD-10 and DSM-5. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2021;62(3):303–12. doi:10.1111/ jcpp.13244. 46. Gaebel W, Stricker J, Riesbeck M, Zielasek J, Kerst A, Meisenzahl-Lechner E et al. Accuracy of diagnostic classification and clinical utility assessment of ICD-11 compared to ICD-10 in 10 mental disorders: findings from a web-based field study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2020;270(3):281–9. doi:10.1007/s00406-01901076-z. 47. Gaebel W, Riesbeck M, Zielasek J, Kerst A, Meisenzahl-Lechner E, Köllner V et al. Internetbasierte Untersuchungen zur diagnostischen Klassifikation und Kodierung psychischer Störungen im Vergleich von ICD-11 und ICD-10 [Web-based field studies on diagnostic classification and code assignment of mental disorders: comparison of ICD11 and ICD-10]. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 2018;86(3):163–71. doi:10.1055/s-0044-100508 (in German). 48. Robles R, de la Peña FR, Medina-Mora ME, Marquéz-Caraveo MED, Domínguez T, Juárez F et al. ICD-11 guidelines for mental and behavioral disorders of children and adolescents: Reliability and clinical utility. Psychiatr Serv. 2022;73(4):396-402. doi: 10.1176/appi. ps.202000830. 49. Lemay KR, Kogan CS, Rebello TJ, Keeley JW, Bhargava R, Sharan P et al. An international field study of the ICD-11 behavioural indicators for disorders of intellectual development. J Intellect Disabil Res. 2022;66(4):376–91. doi:10.1111/ jir.12924. 50. Degenhardt L, Bharat C, Bruno R, Glantz MD, Sampson NA, Lago L et al. Concordance between the diagnostic guidelines for alcohol and cannabis use disorders in the draft ICD-11 and other classification systems: analysis of data from the WHO’s World Mental Health Surveys. Addiction. 2019;114(3):534–52. doi:10.1111/ add.14482. 51. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1994. 52. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edition. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association; 2013. 53. Hackmann C, Balhara YPS, Clayman K, Nemec PB, Notley C, Pike K et al. Perspectives on ICD-11 to understand and improve mental health diagnosis using expertise by experience (INCLUDE Study): an international qualitative study. Lancet Psychiatry. 2019;6(9):778–85. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(19)30093-8. 54. Roelandt JL, Baleige A, Koenig M, Demassiet V, Agoub M, Barikova V et al. How service users and carers understand, perceive, rephrase, and communicate about “depressive episode” and “schizophrenia” diagnoses: an international participatory research. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2020;55(9):1201–13. doi:10.1007/ s00127-020-01836-6. 55. First MB, Gaebel W, Maj M, Stein DJ, Kogan CS, Saunders JB et al. An organization- and categorylevel comparison of diagnostic requirements for mental disorders in ICD-11 and DSM-5. World Psychiatry. 2021;20(1):34–51. doi:10.1002/ wps.20825. 56. Reed GM, First MB, Billieux J, Cloitre M, Briken P, Achab S et al. Emerging experience with selected new categories in the ICD-11: complex PTSD, prolonged grief disorder, gaming disorder, and compulsive sexual behaviour disorder. World Psychiatry. 2022;21(2):189–213. doi:10.1002/ wps.20960. 57. Reed GM, Drescher J, Krueger RB, Atalla E, Cochran SD, First MB et al. Disorders related to sexuality and gender identity in the ICD-11: revising the ICD-10 classification based on current scientific evidence, best clinical practices, and human rights considerations. World Psychiatry. 2016;15(3):205–21. doi:10.1002/ wps.20354. 58. Robles R, Fresán A, Vega-Ramírez H, Cruz-Islas J, Rodríguez-Pérez V, Domínguez-Martínez T et al. Removing transgender identity from the classification of mental disorders: a Mexican field study for ICD-11. Lancet Psychiatry. 2016;3(9):850–9. doi:10.1016/S22150366(16)30165-1. 59. Robles R, Keeley JW, Vega-Ramírez H, Cruz-Islas J, Rodríguez-Pérez V, Sharan P et al. (2021). Validity of categories related to gender identity in ICD-11 and DSM-5 among transgender individuals who seek genderaffirming medical procedures. Int J Clin Health Psychol. 2022;22(1):100281. doi:10.1016/ j.ijchp.2021.100281. 60. Gureje O, Lewis-Fernandez R, Hall BJ, Reed GM. Systematic inclusion of culture-related information in ICD-11. World Psychiatry. 2019;18(3):357–8. doi:10.1002/wps.20676. 61. Gureje O, Lewis-Fernandez R, Hall BJ, Reed GM. Cultural considerations in the classification of mental disorders: why and how in ICD-11. BMC Med. 2020;18(1):25. doi:10.1186/s12916-0201493-4. 62. Reed GM, Rebello TJ, Pike KM, MedinaMora ME, Gureje O, Zhao M et al. WHO’s Global Clinical Practice Network for mental health. Lancet Psychiatry. 2015;2(5):379–80. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(15)00183-2.

  1. The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders: diagnostic criteria for research. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1993 (https://apps.who.int/iris/ handle/10665/37108).
  2. First MB. Harmonisation of ICD-11 and DSM-V: opportunities and challenges. Br J Psychiatry. 2009;195(5):382–90. doi:10.1192/bjp. bp.108.060822.
  3. Wing JK, Babor T, Brugha T, Burke J, Cooper JE, Giel R et al. SCAN. Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1990;47(6):589–93. doi:10.1001/ archpsyc.1990.01810180089012.
  4. Rijnders CA, van den Berg JF, Hodiamont PP, Nienhuis FJ, Furer JW, Mulder J et al. Psychometric properties of the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN-2.1). Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2000;35(8):348–52. doi:10.1007/s001270050249.
  5. Carragher N, Billieux J, Bowden-Jones H, Achab S, Potenza MN, Rumpf HJ et al. Brief overview of the WHO Collaborative Project on the Development of New International Screening and Diagnostic Instruments for Gaming Disorder and Gambling Disorder. Addiction. 2021;117(7):2119–21. doi:10.1111/add.15780.
  6. Clark LA, Corona-Espinosa A, Khoo S, Kotelnikova Y, Levin-Aspenson HF, SerapioGarcía G et al. Preliminary scales for ICD-11 personality disorder: self and interpersonal dysfunction plus five personality disorder trait domains. Front Psychol. 2021;12:668724. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.668724. Introduction
  7. Oltmanns JR, Widiger TA. A self-report measure for the ICD-11 dimensional trait model proposal: the personality inventory for ICD-11. Psychol Assess. 2018;30(2):154–69. doi:10.1037/ pas0000459.
  8. Bach B, Brown TA, Mulder RT, Newton-Howes G, Simonsen E, Sellbom M. Development and initial evaluation of the ICD-11 personality disorder severity scale: PDS-ICD-11. Personal Ment Health. 2021;15(3):223–36. doi:10.1002/ pmh.1510.
  9. Olajide K, Munjiza J, Moran P, O’Connell L, Newton-Howes G, Bassett P et al. Development and psychometric properties of the Standardized Assessment of Severity of Personality Disorder (SASPD). J Pers Disord. 2018;32(1):44–56. doi:10.1521/pedi_2017_31_285.
  10. Cloitre M, Shevlin M, Brewin CR, Bisson JI, Roberts NP, Maercker A et al. The International Trauma Questionnaire: development of a self‐ report measure of ICD‐11 PTSD and complex PTSD. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2018;138(6):536–
  11. doi:10.1111/acps.12956.
  12. Bőthe B, Potenza MN, Griffiths MD, Kraus SW, Klein V, Fuss J et al. The development of the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder Scale (CSBD-19): an ICD-11 based screening measure across three languages. J Behav Addict. 2020;9(2):247–58. doi:10.1556/2006.2020.00034.
  13. Bőthe B, Koós M, Nagy L, Kraus SW, Potenza MN, Demetrovics Z. International Sex Survey: study protocol of a large, cross-cultural collaborative study in 45 countries. J Behav Addict. 2021;10(3):632–45. doi:10.1556/2006.2021.00063.

Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Requirements for ICD-11 Mental, Behavioural or Neurodevelopmental Disorders

No comments to display

Back to top