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Ligaments and peritoneal reflections The liver is covered by visceral peritoneum (serosa), with a ...

Liver transplantation Liver transplantation is the only therapy that treats portal hypertension a...

Liver-first approach The traditional surgical strategy for resectable synchronous colorectal liver...

LIVER TRAUMA Liver injury due to blunt or penetrating abdominal trauma is second in frequency onl...

LIVER TUMOURS Liver resection continues to evolve, and the safety has been established with a mor...

Learning objectives To understand: The anatomy of the liver • The signs of acute and chronic live...

INVESTIGATING LIVER DISEASE Imaging modalities Major advances in surgical approaches to the liver...

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma Cholangiocarcinomas develop in the bile duct and demonstrate cons...

INTRODUCTION The liver is a highly complex organ found only in vertebrates that is responsible fo...

Follow-up Optimal follow-up remains controversial, and protocols vary . Close observation will id...

Hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid Hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid (HIDA) labelled with tech - 99m...

INFECTIVE CONDITIONS OF THE LIVER Ascending cholangitis Ascending cholangitis is a potentially l...

Diagnosis and grading of liver injury The liver is an extremely well-vascularised organ and blood...

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (E...

FURTHER READING Banale JM, Cardinale V , Carpino G et al. Expert consensus document: Cholangiocar...

Colorectal liver metastases Worldwide colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common solid orga...

Complications of liver trauma A subcapsular or intrahepatic haematoma requires no specific interve...

Cystic lesions Simple liver cysts Simple cysts of the liver are usually asymptomatic and were th...

Caroli’s disease Caroli’s disease is a rare congenital dilatation of the intra- - hepatic biliar...

Chronic liver disease Liver disease is the third leading cause of premature death in the UK, and...