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Introduction
INTRODUCTION Up to 40% of the adult population in resource-rich countries have diseases of the ...
Investigation
Investigation Tourniquet tests and the use of hand-held Doppler have now been abandoned. There i...
Cystic degeneration
Cystic degeneration As in the peripheral arterial system, cystic degeneration of the vein wall i...
Diagnosis
Diagnosis The most common presentation of a DVT is pain and swelling, especially in the calf, us...
Epidemiology
Epidemiology The adult prevalence of visible varicose veins is between 30% and 50%. Factors a ff ...
CONGENITAL VENOUS ANOMALIES
CONGENITAL VENOUS ANOMALIES There are four main types of anomaly: /uni25CF aplasia; /uni25CF hyp...
Classification system
Classification system The descriptive CEAP (Clinical–aEtiology–Anatomy–Patho physiology) classifica...
Clinical features
Clinical features The ulcer must be carefully examined. A venous ulcer usually has a gently slopi...
AXILLARY VEIN THROMBOSIS
AXILLARY VEIN THROMBOSIS Thrombosis of the axillary vein (Paget–Schrotter disease) may occur fol...
Aetiology
Aetiology The three factors described by Virchow over a century ago are still relevant in the dev...
CLINICAL FEATURES OF VENOUS HYPERTENSION OF THE LE
CLINICAL FEATURES OF VENOUS HYPERTENSION OF THE LEG The following clinical features are commonly ...
Treatment of gangrene
Treatment of gangrene How much of a limb or digit can be salvaged depends on the blood supply pr...
disease
disease The principles of arterial surgery outlined above can be applied at other arterial sites...
Separation of gangrene
Separation of gangrene A zone of demarcation between the truly viable and the dead or dying tiss...
Specific varieties of gangrene
Specific varieties of gangrene Diabetic gangrene Diabetic gangrene is usually caused by a combinat...
Sympathectomy
Sympathectomy Endoscopic transthoracic sympathectomy is now reserved as a minimally invasive trea...
PERIPHERAL ANEURYSM Popliteal aneurysm
PERIPHERAL ANEURYSM Popliteal aneurysm Popliteal artery aneurysm accounts for 70% of all periphe...
Raynaud’s disease
Raynaud’s disease This idiopathic condition usually occurs in young women and a ff ects the hands ...
Raynaud’s syndrome
Raynaud’s syndrome Raynaud’s syndrome is the peripheral arterial manifestation of a collagen dis...
Other forms of arteritis
Other forms of arteritis Arteritis occurs in association with many connective tissue disorders, e...