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Necrotising fasciitis This is a severe, rapidly progressing infection of the soft tissue and fas...

Inflammation In the early inflammatory phase (days 1–2), platelet activation causes an influx of ...

Learning objectives To understand: Normal wound healing and how it can be adversely • affected Ty...

Leg ulcers 12 In developed countries, the most common chronic wounds It are leg ulcers. An ulcer ...

Degloving Degloving is the avulsion of skin and subcutaneous fat from the underlying fascia, mus...

Haemostasis Disruption of the vascular endothelium following injury causes vasoconstriction and ...

INTRODUCTION Wound healing is a complex and dynamic biological process. In human adults, the norm...

CHRONIC WOUNDS These wounds fail to progress through the normal stages of wound healing in a time...

CLASSIFICATION OF WOUNDS Wounds are diverse and there is no standard classification system that in...

Contractures Scar contractures can cause severe functional, psychological and aesthetic problems ...

ACUTE WOUNDS Bites Most bites involve either puncture wounds or avulsions. Wounds over the metaca...

Acute compartment syndrome Acute compartment syndrome occurs when there is increased interstitial...

ABNORMAL WOUND HEALING Various factors can adversely a ff ect wound healing ( Summary box 3.1 ). S...

THORACIC INJURY Thoracic injury accounts for 25% of all severe injuries. In a - further 25%, it ...

Stomach Most stomach injuries are caused by penetrating trauma. Blood presence is diagnostic if ...

Summary In summary , a haemodynamically normal patient can be safely transferred for stabilisatio...

THE PEL VIS Although mortality following severe pelvic fractures has decreased dramatically with ...

Retroperitoneum Injury to the retroperitoneum is often di ffi cult to diagnose, especially in the p...

Small bowel The small bowel is frequently injured as a result of blunt trauma. - The individual...

Spleen Splenic injury occurs from direct blunt trauma. Most isolated splenic injuries, especially...