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ANATOMY The vermiform appendix is present only in humans, certain anthropoid apes and the wombat....

SURGERY Many general surgeons have relatively little experience in managing patients with IBD. Hi...

TREATMENT E ff ective treatment of UC requires a multidisciplinary approach to management. Member...

Pathology The terminal ileum is the most commonly a ff ected segment of bowel in patients with CD...

Perianal Crohn’s disease Perianal CD is distressing and often debilitating for patients. The most...

Radiology A plain abdominal film may indicate the severity of disease in the acute setting and is...

Medical treatment Improved understanding of the complex cell signalling path ways that underlie ...

Nutritional support It is essential that nutritional status is evaluated in all patients with IBD...

Operative treatment Emergency In the emergency situation (or for a patient who is malnour - ished...

INTRODUCTION The term inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is reserved for conditions characterised by...

Investigations Laboratory A full blood count should be performed as anaemia is common, resulting ...

Learning objectives To understand: The aetiology and pathology underlying in /f_l ammatory • bowe...

INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE

Ileal pouch–vaginal fistula Ileal pouch–vaginal fistula is most commonly due to an anastomotic comp...

Indications for surgery Surgery has a significant role in managing complications of IBD and in im...

FURTHER READING Baumgart DC, LeBerre C. Newer biologic and small-molecule therapies for inflammato...

I N V E S T I G A T I O N S Endoscopy and biopsy Rigid/flexible sigmoidoscopy can detect proctitis...

INDETERMINATE COLITIS Approximately one in 10 patients with colitis presents with histological fe...

EXTRAINTESTINAL MANIFESTATIONS Arthritis occurs in around 15% of patients and is typically an as...

Endoscopic dilatation in Crohn’s disease Although penetrating disease will often require surgical...