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Contrast radiology Upper gastrointestinal radiology is not used as much as in previous years, as ...

DUODENAL OBSTRUCTION Duodenal obstruction in adults is usually due to malignancy , and cancer of ...

DUODENAL TUMOURS Benign duodenal tumours Duodenal villous adenomas occur principally in the peria...

Complications of peptic ulceration The common complications of peptic ulcer are perforation, ble...

Computed tomography/positron emission tomography Positron emission tomography (PET) is increasing...

Computed tomography scanning and magnetic resonance imaging CT is increasingly used in the invest...

Clinical examination Examination of the patient may reveal epigastric tenderness but, except in ...

Clinical features of peptic ulcers The clinical features of gastric and duodenal ulceration cann...

Clinical features In benign gastric outlet obstruction, there is usually a long history of pepti...

Autoimmune gastritis This is an autoimmune condition in which there are circulating antibodies to...

Bleeding peptic ulcers The epidemiology of bleeding peptic ulcers mirrors that of perforated ulc...

Chief cells These lie proximally in the gastric crypts and produce pepsino gen. Two forms of pep...

Aetiology Gastric cancer is a multifactorial disease. Epidemiological studies point to a role for...

Angiography Angiography is used most commonly in the investigation of upper gastrointestinal blee...

Aortic enteric fistula This diagnosis should be considered in any patient with haematemesis and me...

ANATOMY OF THE STOMACH AND DUODENUM Blood supply Arteries The stomach has an arterial supply on b...

Surgical management While most patients’ symptoms are satisfactorily controlled with PPIs and oth...

Treatment When Barrett’s oesophagus is discovered, the treatment is that of the underlying GORD....

Pharyngeal and oesophageal diverticula Oesophageal diverticula can be classified as true diverticu...

Presentation and diagnosis Sometimes the history is obvious, such as after instrumenta - - tion o...