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Eccrine poroma (papillary syringoma) These are single raised or pedicled lesions found most often...

Congenital/genetic disorders Neurofibromatosis There are two distinct neurofibromatosis (NF) syndro...

Cutaneous manifestations of generalised disease Many diseases have cutaneous manifestations that ...

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma SCC is a malignant tumour of keratinising cells of the epider...

Basal cell carcinoma This is usually a slow-growing, locally invasive, malignant tumour of pluri...

Blood supply of the skin The body can be envisaged as three-dimensional segments of tissue calle...

Common vascular birthmarks Salmon patch A salmon patch is a vascular malformation that presents a...

Anomalies of skin metabolism Skin has the potential for a blood supply 20–100 times greater than ...

Atypical (dysplastic) naevus To be ‘atypical naevi’, lesions must have three of the following in ...

Acquired Campbell de Morgan spots These are arteriovenous fistulae at the dermal capillary level i...

Spondylolisthesis Spondylolysis defines a defect in the pars interarticularis of the vertebra. Th...

disease) Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) represents a spectrum of condi tions linked by a qualitati...

Slip of the capital (upper) femoral epiphysis (SCFE/SUFE) The physis connects the proximal femora...

Slip of the capital (upper) femoral epiphysis (SCFE/SUFE) The physis connects the proximal femora...

Spina bifida The extent of the disability varies with the level of the lesion: upper motor neuro...

Radioulnar synostosis Failure of proximal separation of the embryonic radius and ulna means tha...

Scoliosis The term ‘scoliosis’ describes spinal deformity in three planes: lateral curvature is t...

Septic arthritis Joint infection is usually secondary to haematogenous spread but direct inoculat...

Polio . Despite an e ff ective polio vaccine, this disease still occurs. About 1–2% of patients d...

Postural abnormalities Many babies are subjected to moulding pressures in utero . At birth they e...