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Radial club hand
Radial club hand This longitudinal failure of formation is commonly associ - ated with other mal...
Osteomyelitis
Osteomyelitis As with septic arthritis, bone infection is usually caused by haematogenous spread....
Other foot and ankle conditions
Other foot and ankle conditions Most postural deformities such as metatarsus adductus and calcane...
PAIN Congenital deformities
PAIN Congenital deformities Congenital vertebral deformities are failures either of formation (a ...
Non-accidental injury
Non-accidental injury No child is exempt but some children are at particular risk, including thos...
OF THE SKELETON
OF THE SKELETON Although many skeletal abnormalities are identified ante - natally or at birth, ot...
Osteochondritis dissecans
Osteochondritis dissecans Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) a ff ects the lateral aspect of the medi...
METABOLIC BONE DISEASE Rickets
METABOLIC BONE DISEASE Rickets In rickets, the primary problem is inadequate mineralisation of g...
NEUROMUSCULAR CONDITIONS
NEUROMUSCULAR CONDITIONS Joint stability and limb function rely on the complex integra - tion of ...
NORMAL VARIANTS
NORMAL VARIANTS Many normal variants of growth and development cause parental concern. The commo...
Learning objectives
Learning objectives To be familiar with: Physiological versus pathological development of the • m...
Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease
Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease Incidence and aetiology This rare condition, characterised by the deve...
Introduction
INTRODUCTION Immature skeletons heal rapidly and can remodel with growth but physeal injury or mu...
Knock knees and bowlegs
Knock knees and bowlegs All children start life with bowlegs, often accompanied by internal tibia...
Kyphosis
Kyphosis When a kyphosis exceeds the normal 20–50° the cause may be postural or structural. Scheu...
Generalised skeletal dysplasias
Generalised skeletal dysplasias Achondroplasia Achondroplasia is caused by a gain-in-function mut...
INFECTION
INFECTION Worldwide, osteoarticular infection remains a frequent cause of significant morbidity ....
Intoeing gait
Intoeing gait Intoeing is defined as a negative foot progression angle and results from one or mor...
Discoid meniscus
Discoid meniscus This invariably a ff ects the lateral meniscus, which is abnor - mally thick and ...
Fibular hemimelia
Fibular hemimelia In fibular hemimelia there is a congenital failure of formation of the lateral...