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16.14.2 Peripheral arterial disease 3680 Janet Pow
16.14.2 Peripheral arterial disease 3680 Janet Powell and Alun Davies section 16 Cardiovascular disorders 3680 tend to be older than those with ascending aortic involvement and are more likely to have comorbidity. Diligent blood pressure man- agement is the u...
16.14.3 Cholesterol embolism 3688 Christopher Dudl
16.14.3 Cholesterol embolism 3688 Christopher Dudley section 16 Cardiovascular disorders 3688 Filardo G, et al. (2012). Surgery for small asymptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysms. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 14(3), CD001835. NICE (2012). Peripheral arterial di...
16.15 The pulmonary circulation 3691 16.15.1 Struc
16.15 The pulmonary circulation 3691 16.15.1 Structure and function of the pulmonary circulation 3691 Nicholas W. Morrell 16.15 The pulmonary circulation CONTENTS 16.15.1 Structure and function of the pulmonary circulation 3691 Nicholas W. Morrell 16.15.2 Pu...
16.15.2 Pulmonary hypertension 3695 Nicholas W. Mo
16.15.2 Pulmonary hypertension 3695 Nicholas W. Morrell 16.15.2 Pulmonary hypertension 3695 FURTHER READING De Mello DE, Reid LM (1997). Arteries and veins. In: Crystal RG, et al. (eds) The lung: scientific foundations, 2nd edition, pp. 1117–27. Lippincott-...
16.16 Venous thromboembolism 3711 16.16.1 Deep ven
16.16 Venous thromboembolism 3711 16.16.1 Deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism 3711 Paul D. Stein, Fadi Matta, and John D. Firth 16.16 Venous thromboembolism CONTENTS 16.16.1 Deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism 3711 Paul D. Stein, Fadi Matt...
16.16.2 Therapeutic anticoagulation 3729 David Kee
16.16.2 Therapeutic anticoagulation 3729 David Keeling 16.16.2 Therapeutic anticoagulation 3729 Stein PD, et al. (2004). D-dimer for the exclusion of deep venous thrombosis and acute pulmonary embolism: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med, 140, 589–602. St...
16.17 Hypertension 3735 16.17.1 Essential hyperten
16.17 Hypertension 3735 16.17.1 Essential hypertension: Definition, epidemiology, and pathophysiology 3735 Bryan Williams and John D. Firth 16.17 Hypertension CONTENTS 16.17.1 Essential hypertension: Definition, epidemiology, and pathophysiology 3735 Bryan Wi...
16.17.2 Essential hypertension Diagnosis, assessme
16.17.2 Essential hypertension: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment 3753 Bryan Williams and John D. Firth 16.17.2 Essential hypertension: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment 3753 Devereux RB, et al. (2004). Prognostic significance of left ventricular mass c...
16.17.3 Secondary hypertension 3778 Morris J. Brow
16.17.3 Secondary hypertension 3778 Morris J. Brown and Fraz A. Mir section 16 Cardiovascular disorders 3778 Broderick J, et al. (2007). Guidelines for the management of spon- taneous intracerebral hemorrhage in adults: update. Stroke, 38, 2001–23. Colhoun ...
16.17.4 Mendelian disorders causing hypertension 3
16.17.4 Mendelian disorders causing hypertension 3796 Nilesh J. Samani and Maciej Tomaszewski section 16 Cardiovascular disorders 3796 Col V, et al. (1999). Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for phaeochromo- cytoma: endocrinological and surgical aspects of a new the...
16.17.5 Hypertensive urgencies and emergencies 380
16.17.5 Hypertensive urgencies and emergencies 3800 Gregory Y.H. Lip and Alena Shantsila section 16 Cardiovascular disorders 3800 the measurement of plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone. If the aldosterone is significantly elevated, then the different...
16.2 Clinical presentation of heart disease 3276 1
16.2 Clinical presentation of heart disease 3276 16.2.1 Chest pain, breathlessness, and fatigue 3276 Jeremy Dwight 16.2 Clinical presentation of heart disease CONTENTS 16.2.1 Chest pain, breathlessness, and fatigue 3276 Jeremy Dwight 16.2.2 Syncope and palp...
16.2.2 Syncope and palpitation 3284 K. Rajappan, A
16.2.2 Syncope and palpitation 3284 K. Rajappan, A.C. Rankin, A.D. McGavigan, and S.M. Cobbe section 16 Cardiovascular disorders 3284 Chunilal SD, et al. (2003). Does this patient have pulmonary em- bolism? JAMA, 290, 2849–58. Cooper A, Timmis A, Skinner J;...
16.3 Clinical investigation of cardiac disorders 3
16.3 Clinical investigation of cardiac disorders 3294 16.3.1 Electrocardiography 3294 Andrew R. Houghton and David Gray 16.3 Clinical investigation of cardiac disorders CONTENTS 16.3.1 Electrocardiography 3294 Andrew R. Houghton and David Gray 16.3.2 Echoca...
16.4 Cardiac arrhythmias 3350 Matthew R. Ginks, D.
16.4 Cardiac arrhythmias 3350 Matthew R. Ginks, D.A. Lane, A.D. McGavigan, and Gregory Y.H. Lip ESSENTIALS The term cardiac arrhythmia (or dysrhythmia) is used to describe any abnormality of cardiac rhythm. The spectrum of cardiac arrhythmias ranges from innoc...
16.5.2 Acute cardiac failure Definitions, investig
16.5.2 Acute cardiac failure: Definitions, investigation, management 3397 Andrew L. Clark and John G.F. Cleland 16.5.2 Acute cardiac failure 3397 advances to date for patients presenting acutely to hospital or those with HF-PEF, mean that heart failure still...
16.5.3 Chronic heart failure Definitions, investig
16.5.3 Chronic heart failure: Definitions, investigation, and management 3407 John G.F. Cleland and Andrew L. Clark 16.5.3 Chronic heart failure 3407 Costanzo MR, et al. (2017). Extracorporeal ultrafiltration for fluid overload in heart failure: current stat...
16.5.4 Cardiorenal syndrome 3421 Darren Green and
16.5.4 Cardiorenal syndrome 3421 Darren Green and Philip A. Kalra 16.5.4 Cardiorenal syndrome 3421 Organization of care Good management requires organization to ensure that appropriate treatment is delivered safely and effectively in order to • gain and maint...