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24.10.2 Demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system 6026 Alasdair Coles and Siddharthan Chandran section 24  Neurological disorders 6026 Rothwell PM, et al., on behalf of the Early use of Existing Preventive Strategies for Stroke (EXPRESS) Study (200...

24.10.3 Traumatic brain injury 6042 Tim Lawrence and Laurence Watkins section 24  Neurological disorders 6042 De Jager PL, et al. (2009). Meta-​analysis of genome scans and replica- tion identify CD6, ICSBP1, and TNFRSF1A as novel multiple scler- osis suscepti...

24.10.4 Intracranial tumours 6048 Jeremy Rees section 24  Neurological disorders 6048 24.10.4  Intracranial tumours Jeremy Rees ESSENTIALS Intracranial tumours represent about 2% of all cancers. There are no known risk factors apart from prior irradiation to t...

24.10.5 Idiopathic intracranial hypertension 6054 Alexandra Sinclair section 24  Neurological disorders 6054 Chemotherapy of recurrent malignant glioma is associated with poor response rates, so new agents are constantly being in- vestigated, including dendrit...

24.11 Infections of the central nervous system 6060 24.11.1 Bacterial infections 6060 Diederik van de Beek and Guy E. Thwaites 24.11 Infections of the central nervous system CONTENTS 24.11.1 Bacterial infections  6060 Diederik van de Beek and Guy E. Thwaites ...

24.11.2 Viral infections 6082 Fiona McGill, Jeremy Farrar, Bridget Wills, Menno De Jong, David A. Warrell, and Tom Solomon section 24  Neurological disorders 6082 are needed to assess their efficacy in patients with bacterial menin- gitis. There is still an ur...

24.11.3 Intracranial abscesses 6097 Tim Lawrence and Richard S.C. Kerr 24.11.3  Intracranial abscesses 6097 Goh KJ, et  al. (2000). Clinical features of Nipah virus encephalitis among pig farmers in Malaysia. N Engl J Med, 342, 1229–​35. Granerod (2010). Cause...

24.11.4 Neurosyphilis and neuro- AIDS 6100 Hadi Manji section 24  Neurological disorders 6100 Lorber B (1997). Listeriosis. Clin Infect Dis, 24, 1–​9. Mathisen GE, Johnson JP (1997). Brain abscess. Clin Infect Dis, 25, 763–​79. Matthijs BC, et al. (2014). Bra...

24.11.5 Human prion diseases 6109 Simon Mead and R.G. Will 24.11.5  Human prion diseases 6109 Stoll M, Schmidt RE (2003). Immune restoration inflammatory syndromes:  the dark side of successful antiretroviral treatment. Curr Infect Dis Rep, 5, 266–​76. Swartz ...

24.12 Disorders of cranial nerves 6120 Robert D.M. Hadden ESSENTIALS The 12 cranial nerves are peripheral nerves except for the olfactory and optic nerves which are central nervous system tracts. Disorders of particular note include the following: olfactory (I...

24.13 Disorders of the spinal cord 6127 24.13.1 Diseases of the spinal cord 6127 Anu Jacob and Andrew J. Larner 24.13 Disorders of the spinal cord CONTENTS 24.13.1 Diseases of the spinal cord  6127 Anu Jacob and Andrew J. Larner 24.13.2 Spinal cord injury an...

24.13.2 Spinal cord injury and its management 6135 Wagih El Masri(y) and Michael Barnes 24.13.2  Spinal cord injury and its management 6135 24.13.2  Spinal cord injury and its management Wagih El Masri(y) and Michael Barnes ESSENTIALS Traumatic spinal cord inj...

24.14 Diseases of the autonomic nervous system 6150 Christopher J. Mathias and David A. Low ESSENTIALS The autonomic nervous system innervates all organs, producing predominantly involuntary and automatic actions that are medi- ated by two principal efferent p...

24.15 The motor neuron diseases 6166 Tom Jenkins, Alice Brockington, and Pamela J. Shaw ESSENTIALS The motor neuron diseases can be considered an extended family of conditions with pathology affecting the lower and/​or upper motor neurons, leading to clinical ...

24.16 Diseases of the peripheral nerves 6176 Robert D.M. Hadden ESSENTIALS Disorders of peripheral nerve function can be categorized in terms of the site of the primary disturbance. (1) Neuronopathies (sensory or autonomic neuronopathies are also known as gang...

24.17 Inherited neurodegenerative diseases 6197 Swati Sathe ESSENTIALS Many disorders of the nervous system, especially the degenerative conditions, have a genetic basis, which is usually due to a mutated gene resulting in decreased production of a critical st...

24.18 Disorders of the neuromuscular junction 6295 David Hilton- Jones and Jacqueline Palace ESSENTIALS Two fundamentally different pathological processes are associated with disease at the neuromuscular junction: (1) acquired disorders in which autoantibodies...

24.19 Disorders of muscle 6304 24.19.1 Structure and function of muscle 6304 Michael G. Hanna and Enrico Bugiardini 24.19 Disorders of muscle CONTENTS 24.19.1 Structure and function of muscle  6304 Michael G. Hanna and Enrico Bugiardini 24.19.2 Muscular dyst...