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FURTHER READING Carter DC, Russell RCG, Pitt HA, Bismuth H (eds). Rob and Smith’s operative surge...

Differential diagnosis This includes all causes of cholestatic jaundice in a neonate; namely , α...

Diverticulosis of the gallbladder Diverticulosis of the gallbladder is usually manifest as black...

EXTRAHEPATIC BILIARY ATRESIA Aetiology and physiology Biliary atresia is present in approximately...

Complications of cholecystectomy Recovery after laparoscopic cholecystectomy is associated with l...

Computed tomography Unlike USG, computed tomography (CT) is less a ff ected by body habitus and is...

Diagnosis A clinical diagnosis of acute cholecystitis must be confirmed with radiological and lab...

Clinical features About one-third of patients are jaundiced at birth; in all a ff ected babies, j...

Clinical presentation Gallstones are being increasingly detected incidentally during imaging for ...

Clonorchiasis (Asiatic cholangiohepatis) This disease is endemic in the Far East. The fluke inhabi...

Cholesterol polyposis of the gallbladder USG may show a non-mobile defect in the gallbladder lume...

Cholesterolosis (‘strawberry gallbladder’) Cholesterolosis (cholesterosis) is characterised by th...

Cholescintigraphy 99m Technetium-99m ( Tc)-labelled derivatives of iminodiacetic acid (hepatobil...

Cholecystitis glandularis proliferans (adenomyomatosis) Adenomyomatosis is an abnormality of the...

Cholecystography Oral and intravenous cholecystography have been replaced by more accurate imagin...

Choledochotomy When faced with a patient with cholangitis due to stones in the CBD, and minimally...

CONGENITAL DILATATION OF INTRAHEPATIC DUCTS (CAROLI’S DISEASE) This rare congenital condition is ...

Cancer of the gallbladder Incidence Gallbladder cancer is extremely variable by geographical regi...

Causal factors Gallstones can be divided into three main types: cholesterol, pigment (brown/black...

CHOLECYSTOSES (CHOLESTEROLOSIS, POL YPOSIS, ADENOMYOMATOSIS AND CHOLECYSTITIS GLANDULARIS PROLIFE...