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ASIATIC CHOLANGIOHEPATITIS Introduction
ASIATIC CHOLANGIOHEPATITIS Introduction This disease, also called oriental cholangiohepatitis, is...
Aetiology and pathology
Aetiology and pathology Cassava (tapioca) is a root vegetable that is readily available and inexp...
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The authors acknowledge the contribution of Professor Ahmed Hassan Fahal MBBS, F...
VALVULAR HEART DISEASE Introduction
VALVULAR HEART DISEASE Introduction Early surgical management of valvular heart disease concen -...
Venous cannulation
Venous cannulation A single purse-string suture is placed around the right atrial appendage and a...
circulation and circulatory changes at birth
circulation and circulatory changes at birth By 12 weeks of fetal life the primitive vascular t...
The operation
The operation Intraoperative monitoring includes continuous central venous pressure and blood pre...
Thoracic aortic aneurysms
Thoracic aortic aneurysms A true aneurysm is a localised dilatation of a blood vessel involving ...
Types of prosthetic valves
Types of prosthetic valves Mechanical valves Mechanical valves can be used in any age group to re...
Surgical options
Surgical options Type A (or type I and II) dissections Those involving the ascending aorta usuall...
Surgical outcome
Surgical outcome Relief of symptoms If revascularisation is complete, CABG alleviates or improve...
THE THORACIC AORTA
THE THORACIC AORTA The most common pathologies a ff ecting the thoracic aorta are aneurysm forma...
Selection of conduit
Selection of conduit Venous grafts The long saphenous vein is the most commonly used venous cond...
Surgical anatomy
Surgical anatomy Heart valves serve to maintain pressure gradients between cardiac chambers, thus...
Surgical approach to the heart
Surgical approach to the heart Median sternotomy is the main approach during cardiac surgery . An...
Primary malignant cardiac tumours
Primary malignant cardiac tumours These are extremely rare and less common than secondary maligna...
Prosthetic valve dysfunction and complications
Prosthetic valve dysfunction and complications Structural valve failure Structural failure rates ...
Rhabdomyoma
Rhabdomyoma Cardiac tumours in children are incredibly rare (<0.2% of the population), although t...
Postoperative management
Postoperative management Antibiotic prophylaxis Currently the National Institute for Health and C...
Postoperative recovery
Postoperative recovery The majority of patients are extubated a few hours postoper atively and r...