Knock knees and bowlegs

Knock knees and bowlegs

All children start life with bowlegs, often accompanied by internal tibial torsion. By the age of 2–3 years they have devel oped knock knees, which regress towards the normal adult tibiofemoral angle of 7° valgus by age 7 ( Figure 44.3 ). The intercondylar or intermalleolar distance is often used to quantify the deformity but radiographs are needed when the defor mity is sev ere, asymmetrical or symptomatic. The most common pathological causes are previous trauma, rickets or a skeletal dysplasia. Knock knees and bowlegs

All children start life with bowlegs, often accompanied by internal tibial torsion. By the age of 2–3 years they have devel oped knock knees, which regress towards the normal adult tibiofemoral angle of 7° valgus by age 7 ( Figure 44.3 ). The intercondylar or intermalleolar distance is often used to quantify the deformity but radiographs are needed when the defor mity is sev ere, asymmetrical or symptomatic. The most common pathological causes are previous trauma, rickets or a skeletal dysplasia. Knock knees and bowlegs

All children start life with bowlegs, often accompanied by internal tibial torsion. By the age of 2–3 years they have devel oped knock knees, which regress towards the normal adult tibiofemoral angle of 7° valgus by age 7 ( Figure 44.3 ). The intercondylar or intermalleolar distance is often used to quantify the deformity but radiographs are needed when the defor mity is sev ere, asymmetrical or symptomatic. The most common pathological causes are previous trauma, rickets or a skeletal dysplasia.