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8.10 Cestodes (tapeworms) 1520

8.10.1 Cestodes (tapeworms) 1520 8.10 Cestodes (tapeworms) CONTENTS 8.10.1 Cestodes (tapeworms)  1520 Richard Knight 8.10.2 Cystic hydatid disease (Echinococcus granulosus)  1529 Pedro L. Moro, Hector H. Garcia, and Armando E. Gonzalez 8.10.3 Cysticercos...

8.10.2 Cystic hydatid disease (Echinococcus granulosus) 1529 8.10.2  Cystic hydatid disease (Echinococcus granulosus) 1529 8.10.2  Cystic hydatid disease (Echinococcus granulosus) Pedro L. Moro, Hector H. Garcia, and Armando E. Gonzalez ESSENTIALS Cystic hydat...

8.10.3 Cysticercosis 1533 8.10.3  Cysticercosis 1533 the prevalence of hydatidosis in sheep decreased from 26% before the vaccine was introduced to 8% 3 years after the vaccine was intro- duced. Although the results of these initial trials seem promising, furt...

8.11 Trematodes (flukes) 1540

8.11.1 Schistosomiasis 1540 8.11 Trematodes (flukes) CONTENTS 8.11.1 Schistosomiasis  1540  David Dunne and Birgitte Vennervald 8.11.2 Liver fluke infections  1551  Ross H. Andrews, Narong Khuntikeo, Paiboon Sithithaworn, and Trevor N. Petney 8.11.3 Lung...

8.11.2 Liver fluke infections 1551 8.11.2  Liver fluke infections 1551 Richter J (2003). The impact of chemotherapy on morbidity due to schistosomiasis. Acta Tropica, 86, 161–​83. Silva LC, et al. (2004). Treatment of schistosomal myeloradiculopathy with prazi...

8.11.3 Lung flukes (paragonimiasis) 1558 section 8  Infectious diseases 1558 herbivorous animals that maintain the zoonotic life cycle of Fasciola species. This is encouraging given the advances in veterinary vaccine development over recent years. Currently, c...

8.11.4 Intestinal trematode infections 1562 section 8  Infectious diseases 1562 Im JG, Chang K, Reeder M (1997). Current diagnostic imaging of pul- monary and cerebral paragonimiasis, with pathological correlation. Semin Roentgenol, 32, 301–​24. Gong Z, et al....

8.12 Nonvenomous arthropods 1568 ESSENTIALS Most medically important arthropods are insects (including mos- quitoes, midges, other flies, bedbugs, and other true bugs, lice, fleas, and cockroaches) or arachnids (spiders, ticks, mites, scorpions). Clinical feat...

8.13 Pentastomiasis (porocephalosis, linguatulosis/ linguatuliasis, or tongue worm infection) 1582 ESSENTIALS Pentastomiases or porocephaloses are emerging zoonotic infec- tions caused by branchiuran maxillopod crustacean parasites. Linguatula serrata (‘tongue...

8.2 The patient with suspected infection 662

8.2.1 Clinical approach 662 8.2 The patient with suspected infection CONTENTS 8.2.1 Clinical approach  662 Christopher J. Ellis 8.2.2 Fever of unknown origin  664 Steven Vanderschueren 8.2.3 Nosocomial infections  669 Ian C.J.W. Bowler and Matthew Scarborou...

8.2.2 Fever of unknown origin 664 664 SECTION 8  Infectious diseases the ribs overlying the posterior surface of the liver which may elicit tenderness in patients with posterior liver abscesses. Tenderness in the right iliac fossa might indicate bowel-​related...

8.2.3 Nosocomial infections 669 8.2.3  Nosocomial infections 669 agent is rarely diagnostic as the spectrum generally involves more than a single microorganism. Moreover, fevers caused by infections, such as disseminated tuberculosis or culture-​negative endoc...

8.2.4 Infection in the immunocompromised host 673 8.2.4  Infection in the immunocompromised host 673 which produces large amounts of toxin due to the deletion of a regu- lator gene tcdC. C.  difficile-​associated diarrhoea delays discharge from hospital by abo...

8.2.5 Antimicrobial chemotherapy 684 684 SECTION 8  Infectious diseases patients, measures including nursing them in single rooms and taking great care to avoid nosocomial acquisition of infection from staff, visitors, or other patients is simple but effective...

8.3 Immunization 706 ESSENTIALS Immunization is one of the most successful medical interventions ever developed: it prevents infectious diseases worldwide. Mechanism of effect—​the basis for the success of immunization is that the human immune system is able t...