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SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM Secondary hyperparathyroidism is defined as a derangement in calcium...
SPECIAL CASES Lithium-induced hyperparathyroidism
SPECIAL CASES Lithium-induced hyperparathyroidism Lithium-induced hyperparathyroidism occurs in...
TERTIARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
TERTIARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM Tertiary hyperparathyroidism is a persistent autonomous hypercalcae...
Permanent hypoparathyroidism
Permanent hypoparathyroidism Permanent hypoparathyroidism is defined as the continuing need for ca...
Presentation
Presentation PHPT is defined as hypercalcaemia in the presence of an unsuppressed and therefore r...
RECURRENT HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
RECURRENT HYPERPARATHYROIDISM Recurrent hyperparathyroidism is defined as hypercalcaemia occurring...
PERSISTENT HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
PERSISTENT HYPERPARATHYROIDISM Persistent hyperparathyroidism is defined as an elevated calcium wi...
PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM The early descriptions of patients with PHPT were dominated by those...
Pathology
Pathology The underlying aetiology of PHPT is usually a solitary parathyroid adenoma; however, i...
Localisation studies
Localisation studies Historically , preoperative localisation studies for PHPT were considered l...
Management
Management Renal transplantation remains the only definite treatment for secondary hyperparathyroi...
PARATHYROID CARCINOMA
PARATHYROID CARCINOMA Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare malignancy occurring in approximately 1% of...
Hypercalcaemic crisis presentation and management
Hypercalcaemic crisis: presentation and management Hypercalcaemia is documented in 0.5% of the g...
Introduction
INTRODUCTION The parathyroid glands were first described by Sir Richard Owen in a neck dissection ...
Learning objectives
Learning objectives To understand: The anatomy of the parathyroid glands • The physiology of calc...
FURTHER READING
FURTHER READING Agarwal A, Mishra AK, Lombardi CP , Ra ff aelli M. Applied embryology of the thyr...
Familial syndromes
Familial syndromes Familial hyperparathyroidism can be part of a well-recognised endocrine disord...
CALCIUM AND PARATHYROID HORMONE REGULATION
CALCIUM AND PARATHYROID HORMONE REGULATION The parathyroid glands play a central role in the regu...
Calciphylaxis
Calciphylaxis Calciphylaxis (calcific uraemic arteriolopathy) is a syndrome of disseminated calci...
Diagnosis
Diagnosis PHPT is a biochemical diagnosis. Only when the disease has been confirmed biochemically...