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Isotope scanning The uptake by the thyroid of a low dose of either radiolabelled 123 99m I) or ...

Learning objectives To understand the development and anatomy of the • thyroid gland To know the ...

Malignant lymphoma In the past, many malignant lymphomas were diagnosed as small round-cell anapl...

Granulomatous thyroiditis (subacute thyroiditis, de Quervain’s thyroiditis) This may follow a vir...

HYPERTHYROIDISM Thyrotoxicosis The term thyrotoxicosis is retained because hyperthyroidism, i.e. ...

Introduction No content extracted automatically.

FURTHER READING Bible KC, Kebebew E, Brierly J et al . 2021 American Thyroid Association guidelin...

Follicular carcinoma Follicular carcinoma can normally only be di ff erentiated from follicular ad...

Granulomatous thyroiditis (subacute thyroiditis, de Quervain’s thyroiditis) This may follow a vir...

Clinically discrete swellings Discrete thyroid swellings (thyroid nodules) are common and are pal...

Diagnosis of thyroid neoplasms Clinical history and examination continue to be the cornerstone of...

EMBRYOLOGY The embryology of the thyroid and parathyroid glands underlies the anatomical positio...

Benign tumours Follicular adenomas present as clinically solitary nodules us ( Figure 55.21 ) and...

Calcitonin The parafollicular C cells of the thyroid are of neuroendocrine origin and arrive in...

Clinical features of thyroid cancers The annual incidence is about 0.8 per million of the popula...

Xerostomia Normal salivary flow decreases with age. Typical complaints are of a dry mouth, di ffi c...

Submandibular gland The submandibular glands originate from the junctional tissue between ectoder...

TREATMENT OF SALIVARY GLAND MALIGNANCIES The treatment guidelines are based on retrospective stud...

Trauma Trauma to the salivary glands or ducts is uncommon and is usually associated with polytrau...

Sialolithiasis Salivary gland stones can form in the gland ducts. Patients between the ages of 3...