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Facet joint injections
Facet joint injections For patients with facet joint arthropathy , x-ray-guided local anaesthetic...
Foraminal epidural steroid injections
Foraminal epidural steroid injections For patients with radiculopathy due to a prolapsed inter- v...
DEVELOPMENTAL ABNORMALITIES
DEVELOPMENTAL ABNORMALITIES Developmental abnormalities of the spine and spinal cord can be divi...
Discogenic low back pain
Discogenic low back pain Discogenic low back pain has been defined as a continuum of diagnostic c...
EPIDEMIOLOGY
EPIDEMIOLOGY The lifetime prevalence of low back pain has been reported to be 60–80%. By contras...
Cost implications of modern spinal
Cost implications of modern spinal Cost implications of modern spinal Cost implications of mo...
DEGENERATIVE CONDITIONS OF THE SPINE Cervical radi
DEGENERATIVE CONDITIONS OF THE SPINE Cervical radiculopathy Patients present with neck and arm pa...
DEGENERATIVE CONDITIONS OF THE SPINE Cervical radiculopathy
DEGENERATIVE CONDITIONS OF THE SPINE Cervical radiculopathy Patients present with neck and arm pa...
Cervical myelopathy
Cervical myelopathy Degenerative change in the cervical spine leading to spinal cord compression ...
Computed tomography
Computed tomography This investigation is the best test for assessing bone anatomy . Three-dimens...
Congenital scoliosis
Congenital scoliosis This is caused by vertebral anomalies that produce a frontal plane growth as...
Bone scintigraphy
Bone scintigraphy Isotope bone scans are highly sensitive, but non-specific, tests that are useful...
CLINICAL ANATOMY
CLINICAL ANATOMY The normal cervical lordosis measures between 35° and 45°. The normal lumbar lor...
Cauda equina syndrome
Cauda equina syndrome CES is a very serious and urgent condition that arises from compression of ...
Ankylosing spondylitis
Ankylosing spondylitis Should a patient with ankylosing spondylitis present following trauma, a h...
Arnold–Chiari malformation
Arnold–Chiari malformation Arnold–Chiari malformation occurs when the medulla oblongata and the c...
Bone densitometry
Bone densitometry Bone density and osteoporosis can be measured using dual energy x-ray absorptio...
SUMMARY
SUMMARY Athletic activities commonly result in a variety of injuries. For providers who take car...
Snowboarding and skiing
Snowboarding and skiing Participants in both snowboarding and skiing have the full range of inju...
Tennis
Tennis Tennis elbow or lateral epicondylitis is angiofibrous dysplasia of the common extensor ori...