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Congenital and acquired bladder

Congenital neuropathic bladder Neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) refers to the s...

Catheterisation The immediate treatment for urinary retention of any cause is urethral catheteri...

Classification Bladder injuries can be either extraperitoneal (the peritoneum is intact and urine ...

Clinical features /uni25CF May be asymptomatic. /uni25CF Haematuria. /uni25CF Dysuria. /uni25CF F...

Bladder The urinary bladder is a hollow muscular organ that consists of three principal layers:...

CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS OF THE BLADDER Chronic inflammatory conditions of the bladder are...

CONGENITAL BLADDER ANOMALIES Most congenital bladder anomalies can be detected on antena - - tal ...

BLADDER TRAUMA Bladder trauma can be classified as iatrogenic or non-iatrogenic (blunt or penetrat...

Bladder exstrophy Bladder exstrophy is a congenital disorder in which failure of development of ...

Bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis Bladder pain syndrome (BPS) is a chronic condition ch...

BLADDER CANCER Bladder cancer is a highly prevalent disease with 540 /uni00A0 000 cases worldwide...

BLADDER STONES Bladder stones account for 5% of all urinary tract stone disease. They can be cla...

APPLIED EMBRYOLOGY OF THE BLADDER The bladder originally develops from the cloaca, the endodermis...

APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY OF THE BLADDER The two predominant neurotransmitters controlling LUT functio...

Antimuscarinics There are five types of muscarinic receptor, M1–5, in various organs in the human...

APPLIED ANATOMY OF THE BLADDER Arterial supply /uni25CF Superior vesical artery (from the umbilic...

Ureteral trauma Most ureteral injuries are iatrogenic and occur during surgery near the ureter. G...

Ureterocele Ureterocele is a cystic enlargement of the intramural ureter, which probably occurs ...

Wilms’ tumour See also Chapter 17 . This is the most common tumour of childhood, account - ing f...