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N stage The system for describing the anatomy of regional lymph node metastases has been well de...

Neck lump Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is the first-line biopsy for the investigation of...

M stage Routine assessment of the chest (as a minimum) for evidence of distant metastasis and/or...

MANAGEMENT OF RECURRENT AND/OR METASTATIC DISEASE Patients with a low burden of disease or oligo...

Metastases As outlined previously , HPV-negative cervical node metastases are associated with dec...

INTRODUCTION The oral cavity ( Figure 53.1 ) extends from the mucosal surface of the lips to the...

Learning objectives To understand: The epidemiology and aetiology of oral cancer • The cardinal f...

Lymphovascular invasion LVI represents the presence of tumour cells within an endothelium-lined ...

Imaging Contemporary cross-sectional imaging techniques are essen - tial in the management of he...

Immunotherapy Antitumour immunotherapy is based on the principle that tumours can sometimes escap...

Incidence There are approximately 350 /uni00A0 000 new cases of oral cavity cancer per year worl...

DIAGNOSIS AND WORK-UP These can be summarised as follows: /uni25CF history and examination; /uni2...

EPIDEMIOLOGY There is considerable geographical variation in the incidence of oral cancers world...

Histological type The vast majority of OCSCCs are conventional squamous-type carcinomas, reflecti...

Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy The landmark RTOG 9501 and EORTC 22931 randomised - trials form the ba...

Biopsy Primary tumour Histopathological diagnosis via a formal biopsy is the gold standard prior ...

Bone invasion Three patterns of bone invasion, namely infiltrative, erosive or mixed, have been d...

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors acknowledge Professor RJ Shaw , Professor JS Brown and Professor C B...

ADJUVANT THERAPY FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF ORAL CA VITY CANCER While primary chemoradiotherapy can be...

ADJUVANT THERAPY FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF ORAL CA VITY CANCER While primary chemoradiotherapy can be...