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Subtalar joint ( Figures 35.38 and 35.39 ) Hold the talar neck and ask the patient to move their heel from side to side. Repeat using a hand on the heel to move the joint and apply a varus and valgus stress while feeling for movements of the talus. Holding th...

Subtalar joint flexibility Ask the patient to stand on their toes and observe the heel from behind; the heel moves normally from valgus to varus, indicating flexibility . The Coleman block test is used to assess the flexibility of the subtalar joint. Ask the pat...

Take a history /uni25CF Presenting complaint . Start with an open-ended question. Ask the patient to ‘explain what the problem is’ in their own words and ask the patient what their hopes and expectations are from the interview . /uni25CF History of the presen...

Tarsometatarsal joint stability Stability can be assessed by pushing each joint up and down. Standing lateral radiographs may be used in addition. Tarsometatarsal joint stability Stability can be assessed by pushing each joint up and down. Standing lateral rad...

Tarsometatarsal joint Hold the midfoot and manipulate each metatarsal up and down to estimate the passive range of movement. (b) Figure 35.37 (a) Ankle dorsi /f_l exion and (b) ankle plantar /f_l exion. Tarsometatarsal joint Hold the midfoot and manipulate ea...

Thoracic spine Pathology commonly presents with pain and deformity . The thoracic spine is normally convex with a gentle kyphosis (normal range 20–45°). Thoracic spine Pathology commonly presents with pain and deformity . The thoracic spine is normally convex ...

Thumb and thenar eminence /uni25CF Abductor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis and flexor pollicis brevis can be tested together by oppos - ing the thumb to the little finger. (b) Figure 35.11 (a) Tinel’s test; (b) Phalen’s test. Figure 35.12 Palpating the anato...

Tibialis anterior Ask the patient to walk on their heels with their feet inverted; the tibialis anterior tendon can be seen. With the patient’s feet resting over the edge of the couch, ask the patient to actively dorsiflex and invert their foot to reach your h...

Ankle ( Figure 35.37 ) /uni25CF Dorsiflexion . Test dorsiflexion with the knee both flexed and extended. If restriction is greater with the knee extended than flexed, the contracture is principally in the gastrocnemius. Restriction that is equal in all knee posi ...