12 - PART 5 Infectious Diseases

SECTION 1 Basic Considerations in Infectious Diseases Section 1 Basic Considerations in Infectio...

124 Approach to the Patient with an Infectious Disease Section 1 Basic Considerations in Infecti...

125 Molecular Mechanisms of Microbial Pathogenesis TABLE 124-5  Initial Empirical Antibiotic Ther...

126 Microbial Genomics and Infectious Disease whereupon they can infect other V. cholerae. Conseq...

127 Approach to the Acutely Ill Infected Febrile Patient Gardy JL, Loman NJ: Towards a genomics-i...

128 Principles of Immunization diffuse ground-glass opacities. Consolidation, predominantly in th...

129 Immunization Principles and Vaccine Use versus nonvaccinees; (3) Are there rare causally rela...

130 Health Recommendations for International Travel those who do not. Strong provider recommendat...

SECTION 2 Clinical Syndromes: Community-Acquired Infections Section 2 Clinical Syndromes: Commun...

131 Pneumonia Section 2 Clinical Syndromes: Community-Acquired Infections Lionel A. Mandell, Mic...

SECTION 15 Infections Due to RNA Viruses virus; (2) the fact that the infection can be transmitte...

209 Viral Gastroenteritis virus; (2) the fact that the infection can be transmitted by cell-free ...

210 Enterovirus, Parechovirus, and Reovirus Infections RV Vaccine Introduction Current Vaccine In...

211 Measles (Rubeola) TABLE 210-3  Recommendations for Poliovirus Vaccination of Adults Most adu...

212 Rubella (German Measles) Acknowledgment The authors acknowledge the substantial contributions...

213 Mumps have been established in the WHO American, European, Southeast Asian, African, and West...

214 Rabies and Other Rhabdovirus Infections Mcclean HQ et al: Prevention of measles, rubella, con...

215 Arthropod-Borne and Rodent-Borne Virus Infections infiltration of the wound(s). With multiple...

216 The Filovirids: Orthoebolavirus and Orthomarburgvirus Infections public health impact while r...

SECTION 16 Fungal Infections covers and a face shield and/or goggles. If available, N-95 or N-100...

132 Lung Abscess community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Clin Infect Dis 44:S27, 2007. Martin-Loe...

217 Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Fungal Infections covers and a face shield and/or g...

218 Histoplasmosis to fluconazole or itraconazole. Posaconazole has been reported to be effective...

219 Coccidioidomycosis for PDH. Stable or rising antigen levels suggest treatment failure or rela...

220 Blastomycosis profoundly hypoxemic and critically ill, many clinicians favor beginning therap...

221 Cryptococcosis TABLE 220-1  Treatment of Blastomycosis SEVERITY OF INFECTION SITE OF INFECTIO...

222 Candidiasis The goal of maintenance is to prevent recurrent disease, and its duration depends...

223 Aspergillosis David W. Denning Aspergillosis Aspergillosis is the collective term used to des...

224 Mucormycosis TABLE 223-3  Treatment of Aspergillosisa INDICATION PRIMARY TREATMENT PRECAUTION...

225 Superficial Fungal Infections therapy with deferasirox (plus LAmB) documented excess mortalit...

226 Uncommon Disseminated Fungal Infections tolerated because of adverse reactions, including met...

133 Infective Endocarditis study suggested that moxifloxacin (400 mg/d PO) is as effective and we...

227 Pneumocystis Infections Treatment and Prognosis  Scedosporium and Lomentospora species are in...

SECTION 17 Protozoal and Helminthic Infections: General Considerations appear to be particularly ...

228 Introduction to Parasitic Infections appear to be particularly susceptible to PCP. The glucoc...

229 Agents Used to Treat Parasitic Infections TABLE 228-1  Parasitic Infections, by Organ System ...

SECTION 18 Protozoal Infections serum levels of theophylline should be monitored closely in this ...

230 Amebiasis and Infection with Free-Living Amebae serum levels of theophylline should be monito...

231 Malaria sulfadiazine, and macrolides. The CDC recommends that miltefosine now be included, as...

232 Babesiosis departure so that any untoward reactions can be detected before travel and therape...

233 Leishmaniasis GLOBAL CONSIDERATIONS In Europe, B. divergens infection is considered a medical...

234 Chagas Disease and African Trypanosomiasis PART 5 Infectious Diseases FIGURE 233-6  Mucosal l...

134 Infections of the Skin, Muscles, and Soft Tissues Dennis L. Stevens, Amy E. Bryant Infections...

235 Toxoplasma Infections Kami Kim Toxoplasma Infections ■ ■DEFINITION Toxoplasmosis is caused by...

236 Protozoal Intestinal Infections and Trichomoniasis Peter F. Weller, Edward T. Ryan Protozoal ...

SECTION 19 Helminthic Infections ■ ■FURTHER READING Bourli P et al: Waterborne transmission of pr...

237 Introduction to Helminthic Infections ■ ■FURTHER READING Bourli P et al: Waterborne transmiss...

238 Trichinellosis and Other Tissue Nematode Infections have a nervous system; a muscular system,...

239 Intestinal Nematode Infections fish or poultry. Raw fish dishes, such as som fak in Thailand ...

240 Filarial and Related Infections with nonspecific abdominal pain and watery diarrhea. If untre...

241 Schistosomiasis and Other Trematode Infections parasites never develop fully. Pulmonary dirof...

242 Cestode Infections in the pleural spaces or lungs within another 4–16 weeks and release unemb...

135 Infectious Arthritis ■ ■FURTHER READING Aronoff DM, Marrazzo JM: Infections caused by Clostri...

136 Osteomyelitis Borzio R et al: Predictors of septic arthritis in the adult population. Orthope...

137 Intraabdominal Infections and Abscesses performed, empirical therapy chosen in light of the m...

138 Acute Infectious Diarrheal Diseases and Bacterial Food Poisoning of enteric organisms includi...

139 Clostridioides difficile Infection, Including Pseudomembranous Colitis viral enteric pathogen...

140 Urinary Tract Infections: Cystitis, Prostatitis, and Pyelonephritis colectomy should be perfo...

141 Sexually Transmitted Infections: Overview and Clinical Approach placebo-controlled, randomize...

142 Encephalitis up to one-fourth infected. Persons who transmit infection or who have recently b...

143 Acute Meningitis Europe in children from countries where routine childhood immu­ nizations ar...

144 Chronic and Recurrent Meningitis Avindra Nath, Walter J. Koroshetz, Michael R. Wilson Chronic...

145 Brain Abscess and Empyema tomography with fluorodeoxyglucose may be useful in identifying a s...

146 Infectious Complications of Bites frontal, parietal, and occipital superior cerebral veins an...

SECTION 3 Clinical Syndromes: Health Care–Associated Infections immunocompromise, including that ...

147 Infections Acquired in Health Care Facilities immunocompromise, including that due to diabete...

148 Infections in Transplant Recipients Miles-Jay A et al: Longitudinal genomic surveillance of c...

SECTION 4 Therapy for Bacterial Diseases construction sites or to wear protective gear if this is...

149 Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections construction sites or to wear protective ge...

150 Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents David C. Hooper Bacterial Resistance to Antimicr...

SECTION 5 Diseases Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria French GL: Antimicrobial resistance and healt...

151 Pneumococcal Infections French GL: Antimicrobial resistance and healthcare-associated infec­ ...

152 Staphylococcal Infections 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, PREVNAR 20 (Pfizer). Both...

153 Streptococcal Infections Strategies to prevent recurrent S. aureus infections in the communit...

154 Enterococcal Infections ■ ■FURTHER READING Bruckner L, Gigliotti F: Viridans group streptococ...

155 Diphtheria and Other Corynebacterial Infections The mechanism involves the replacement of the...

156 Listeria monocytogenes Infections Karen P. Neil, Jennifer P. Collins, Patricia M. Griffin Lis...

157 Tetanus Gottlieb SL et al: Multistate outbreak of listeriosis linked to turkey deli meat and ...

158 Botulism Thwaites CL et al: Magnesium sulfate for treatment of severe tetanus: A randomised c...

159 Gas Gangrene and Other Clostridial Infections 1315 botulism cases were reported from 25 count...

SECTION 6 Diseases Caused by Gram-Negative Bacteria Bodey GP et al: Clostridial bacteremia in can...

160 Meningococcal Infections Bodey GP et al: Clostridial bacteremia in cancer patients. A 12-year...

161 Gonococcal Infections of the remainder over the next 6 weeks. In outbreaks of meningococcal d...

162 Haemophilus and Moraxella Infections Gonococcal meningitis and endocarditis should be treated...

164 Legionella Infections have been reported. Shewanella species also cause chronic ulcers of the...

165 Pertussis and Other Bordetella Infections of the organization’s water system, identification ...

166 Diseases Caused by Gram-Negative Enteric Bacilli ■ ■FURTHER READING Craig R et al: Asymptomat...

167 Acinetobacter Infections EDWARDSIELLA INFECTIONS E. tarda is the only member of the genus Edw...

168 Helicobacter pylori Infections ■ ■INFECTION CONTROL AND PREVENTION Acinetobacter species are ...

169 Infections Due to Campylobacter and Related Organisms rates of primary antibiotic resistance ...

170 Infections Due to Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, and Stenotrophomonas Species Kartikeya Cherabudd...

171 Salmonellosis macrolides azithromycin and clarithromycin. B. mallei infection should be treat...

172 Shigellosis Philippe J. Sansonetti, Jean Bergounioux Shigellosis The discovery of Shigella as...

173 Cholera and Other Vibrioses Treatment for shigellosis must be adapted to the clinical context...

174 Brucellosis develop hypotension, which is often apparent at admission. Cutaneous manifestatio...

175 Tularemia fluoroquinolone to reduce the need for valve replacement. Treat­ ment is usually gi...

176 Plague and Other Yersinia Infections type A variety. For the type B F. tularensis variety, th...

177 Bartonella Infections, Including Cat-Scratch Disease duration of therapy. On the basis of ret...

178 Donovanosis B. henselae) and avoidance and treatment of body louse infestation (for preventio...

SECTION 7 Miscellaneous Bacterial Infections TABLE 178-1  Effective Antibiotics for the Treatment...

179 Nocardiosis TABLE 178-1  Effective Antibiotics for the Treatment of Donovanosis ANTIBIOTIC OR...

180 Actinomycosis Thomas A. Russo, John C. Hu Actinomycosis Actinomycosis is uncommon, and most p...

181 Whipple Disease ■ ■FURTHER READING Barberis C et al: Antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical...

182 Infections Due to Mixed Anaerobic Organisms Neeraj K. Surana, Dennis L. Kasper Infections Due...

SECTION 8 Mycobacterial Diseases major or sole pathogen infecting a joint, the duration of treatm...

183 Tuberculosis major or sole pathogen infecting a joint, the duration of treatment should be si...

184 Leprosy Jan H. Richardus, Hemanta K. Kar, Zoica Bakirtzief, Wim H. van Brakel Leprosy Leprosy...

185 Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections randomized controlled trial has shown that single-dos...

186 Antimycobacterial Agents and ethambutol has been successful. Therapy is prolonged, gen­ erall...

SECTION 9 Spirochetal Diseases Amikacin Liposome Inhalation Suspension (ALIS)  ALIS is a new form...

187 Syphilis Amikacin Liposome Inhalation Suspension (ALIS)  ALIS is a new formulation of the ami...

188 Endemic Treponematoses Rates of decline of serologic titers appear to be slower, and serologi...

189 Leptospirosis A B FIGURE 188-3  Clinical manifestations of bejel and pinta. A. Mucous patches...

190 Relapsing Fever TABLE 189-1  Treatment and Chemoprophylaxis of Leptospirosis in Adultsa INDIC...

191 Lyme Borreliosis There are shortcomings of single-dose therapies for LBRF. With penicillin al...

SECTION 10 Diseases Caused by Rickettsiae, Mycoplasmas, and Chlamydiae ■ ■FURTHER READING Arvikar...

192 Rickettsial Diseases ■ ■FURTHER READING Arvikar SL, Steere AC: Diagnosis and treatment of Lym...

193 Infections Due to Mycoplasmas rifampin. Although antimicrobial susceptibility testing is not ...

194 Chlamydial Infections urogenital tract. The vagina yields the largest number of organisms; ne...

SECTION 11 Viral Diseases: General Considerations as they are not specific for C. pneumoniae but ...

195 Principles of Medical Virology as they are not specific for C. pneumoniae but identify the ch...

196 Antiviral Chemotherapy, Excluding Antiretroviral Drugs following the real infection pathway. ...

SECTION 12 Infections Due to DNA Viruses (CAPSTONE-2): A randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 ...

197 Herpes Simplex Virus Infections (CAPSTONE-2): A randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial...

198 Varicella-Zoster Virus Infections effective in the developing world, their clinical and virol...

199 Epstein-Barr Virus Infections, Including Infectious Mononucleosis TABLE 198-1  Recommendation...

200 Cytomegalovirus and Human Herpesvirus Types 6, 7, and 8 TREATMENT EBV-Associated Disease Ther...

201 Monkeypox, Molluscum Contagiosum, and Other Poxvirus Infections Primary HHV-8 infection in im...

202 Parvovirus Infections (e.g., research laboratorians) to orthopoxviruses via either ACAM2000 o...

203 Human Papillomavirus Infections HUMAN BOCAPARVOVIRUSES ■ ■DEFINITION Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1...

SECTION 13 Infections Due to DNA and RNA Respiratory Viruses TABLE 203-1  Recommended Treatments ...

204 Common Viral Respiratory Infections, Other Than COVID-19 TABLE 203-1  Recommended Treatments ...

205 SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 such as temperature and ventilation. Viruses transmitted by this rout...

206 Influenza Kathleen M. Neuzil Influenza ■ ■DEFINITION The term influenza represents both a cli...

207 The Human Retroviruses treatment, Native Americans (including Alaska Natives), morbidly obese...

208 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease: AIDS and Related Disorders effects (as a chain-terminat...