05 - Hippocampal pathology

Hippocampal pathology

© SPMM Course tangles and cognitive decline. The best neuropathological correlate of decline is the number of synapses. The marker for synapses has been antibody to synaptophysin, a protein found in the presynaptic endings. Hippocampal pathology The specific cellular pattern of neuronal loss is noted in the subiculum of the hippocampal formation and layers II and IV of the entorhinal cortex. The affected cells connect hippocampal formation with the association cortices, basal forebrain, thalamus, and hypothalamus, structures crucial to memory. This pattern of neuronal loss isolates the hippocampal formation from its input and output, contributing to the memory disorder in Alzheimer patients

Binswanger's disease This is also known as subcortical vascular dementia or subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy Characterized by the presence of many small infarctions of the white matter that spares the cortical regions Often coexists with AD-type changes