07 - 7. Other clinical rating scales

7. Other clinical rating scales

© SPMM Course 7. Other clinical rating scales SCALE Mode of administration Features Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) Clinician-administered rating scale For assessment of severity and monitoring of change of symptoms in patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. 30 items are covering positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and general psychopathology. Yale-Brown ObsessiveCompulsive Scale (YBOCS) Clinician-administered semi-structured interview Allowing rating of severity in patients with a pre-existing diagnosis of OCD. SCOFF

SCOFF is a mnemonic for eating disorder screening (similar to CAGE for alcohol). It has a high sensitivity (2 or more questions positive).

Do you

1. Make yourself SICK when you feel uncomfortably full?
2. Worry you have lost CONTROL over how much you eat?
3. Recently lost more than 14 pounds within three months?
4. ONE stone's worth of weight
5. Believe you are FAT when others say you are too thin?
6. Would you say that FOOD dominates your life? Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

Results generate information useful for a broad range of clinical applications.

A self-report questionnaire consisting of 567 questions covering 8 areas of psychopathology, 2 additional areas of personality type, and 3 scales assessing truthfulness. Results are compared with normative data from non-clinical populations. NOT A PROJECTIVE TEST. International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE)

Semi-structured clinical interview for use by clinicians producing ICD-10personality disorder diagnosis. 67 standardized probe questions. 57-item true/false questionnaire also included for screening purposes.

Clinical Global Improvement (CGI) Clinician rated based on clinical judgment A two-item instrument - CGI-S (severity) – the current condition on a scale of 1–7 & CGI-I (improvement) – the extent of improvement since the start of treatment on a scale of 1–7. Can be used for any psychiatric disorder encountered in a clinic or ward.

Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) Rated by the physician on the basis of a semi-structured interview (18 items, 7 points for each, maximum of 108) Developed by Overall, 1960. One of the most widely used clinical rating scales. It was originally intended for use in controlled clinical trials of new psychotropic drugs. However, it has also been widely employed in studies of the clinical (that is, symptom) correlates of cognitive and neurobiological phenomena. The ratings include observations as well as patient reports. Factor analysis yields five factors (hostility-suspiciousness, withdrawalretardation, thinking disturbance, depression-anxiety, and activation).

© SPMM Course Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS) and the Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) Clinician rated based on clinical interview Not intended as diagnostic devices. They have been used primarily in studies of the neurobiological correlates of symptom groupings. SAPS - 34 items divided into hallucinations, delusions, bizarre behavior, and formal thought disorder. SANS comprises 25 items divided into affective flattening or blunting, alogia, apathy, asociality, and inattention. Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+ (PDQ4+) Self-report instrument assessing 12 personality disorders described in the DSMIV using 99 true-false items. A brief structured interview (Clinical Significance Scale) is used as a follow-up after the self-report to estimate whether (a) the trait is enduring (criterion D for DSM-IV); (b) it is present in the absence of other disorders (criteria E and F); and (c) it leads to distress or impairment (criterion C).