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FURTHER WORK Pathologists request further stains or other tests on a signif - icant minority of ...

Flow cytometry Flow cytometry is a laser-based or impedance-based technique used for cell countin...

Fresh tissue The most common indication for submission of a fresh tissue sample (i.e. without th...

Detection of clinically relevant abnormalities in genes There are two broadly related areas of ...

Electron microscopy Electron microscopy allows visualisation of tissue at very high magnification,...

FURTHER READING Brierley JD, Gospodarowicz MK, Wittekind C. TNM classification of malignant tumour...

Deeper levels and extra blocks The pathologist may request ‘deeper levels’, whereby the BMS cuts ...

Detection of clinically relevant abnormalities in genes There are two broadly related areas of ...

Detection of clinically relevant abnormalities in genes There are two broadly related areas of ...

Cytology There are various approaches to the procurement of a cytol ogy sample. Some samples are...

DIAGNOSTIC MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY The broad heading of diagnostic molecular pathology refers to m...

DIGITAL PATHOLOGY AND ARTIFICAL INTELLIGENCE The term ‘digital pathology’ usually refers to the e...

Cytogenetics and fluorescence in situ hybridisation Conventional cytogenetics is the microscopic s...

Cytological assessment A cytological preparation consists of a sample of cells only . Assessmen...

Cytology specimen Samples for cytology can be smeared immediately onto glass slides, fixed (usuall...

BRAF V600E mutation for detecting antigens in haematological neoplasms, usually in - blood sampl...

Basic methods in diagnostic molecular pathology In situ hybridisation H. In situ hybridisation (I...

Cancer ‘precision medicine’ This refers to the development of individualised cancer care plans, ...

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors are very grateful to the following contributors for assistance with ...

ASSESSMENT Light microscopy Most tissue assessment depends on conventional light micros - copy . ...