List of abbreviations xxxv
List of abbreviations xxxv
Abbreviations 5-FU 5-fluorouracil 5-HIAA 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid 5-HT 5-hydroxytryptamine 5-HT 5-hydroxytryptamine AAA acquired aplastic anaemia AAFB acid- and alcohol-fast bacilli AASLD American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases AAV antineutrophil cytoplasm autoantibody-associated vasculitis (also aplastic anaemia ABC ATP-binding cassette ABCDE airway, breathing, circulation, disability, and exposure ABG arterial blood gas ABMR antibody-mediated rejection ABPA allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis ABPM ambulatory blood pressure measurement ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme AChE acetylcholinesterase, define at first mention ACPA anticitrullinated peptide/protein antibodies ACR American College of Rheumatology (also albumin:creatinine ratio) ACS acute coronary syndromes ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormone AD Alzheimer’s disease ADEM acute disseminated encephalomyelitis ADH antidiuretic hormone ADL activities of daily living ADME absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion ADPKD autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease ADR adverse drug reaction ADRT advanced decision to refuse treatment AECA antiendothelial cell antibodies AF atrial fibrillation AFP α-fetoprotein AGT alanine–glyoxylate aminotransferase aGVHD acute graft-versus-host disease AHA American Heart Association aHUS atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome AIF apoptosis-inducing factor AIHA autoimmune haemolytic anaemia AIN acute interstitial nephritis AIP autoimmune pancreatitis (also acute interstitial pneumonia) AIS androgen insensitivity syndromes AKI acute kidney injury ALD alcoholic liver disease ALF acute liver failure ALL acute lymphoblastic leukaemia alloSCT allogeneic stem cell transplantation ALP alkaline phosphatase ALS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALT alanine aminotransferase AMA antimitochondrial antibody AML acute myeloid leukaemia AMLR autologous mixed lymphocyte reactions AMT Abbreviated Mental Test ANA antinuclear autoantibodies ANC absolute neutrophil count ANCA antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies ANP atrial natriuretic peptide AOSD adult-onset Still’s disease AP alternative pathway APA aldosterone-producing adenoma APC antigen presenting cell APCM active physiological conservative management APL acute promyelocytic leukaemia APS antiphospholipid syndrome APTT activated partial thromboplastin time AR androgen receptor ara-C cytosine arabinoside ARB angiotensin receptor blocker ARDS adult respiratory distress syndrome ARF acute renal failure ARH autosomal recessive hypercholesterolaemia ARPKD autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease ART antiretroviral therapy ARVC arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy ARVD atherosclerotic renovascular disease AS ankylosing spondylitis ASAS Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society ASCT autologous stem cell transplantation ASD atrial septal defect ASH Action on Smoking and Health ASOT antistreptolysin O titre AST aspartate aminotransferase ATG antithymocyte globulin ATP adenosine triphosphate ATRA all-trans-retinoic acid AV aortic valve AVN arteriovenous nipping
Abbreviations xxxvi AVSD atrioventricular septal defect AZA azacitidine BCAA branched-chain amino acid BCC basal cell carcinoma BCG bacillus Calmette–Guérin BEN Balkan endemic nephropathy BH4 tetrahydrobiopterin BHS British Hypertension Society BICC betaferon in chronic viral cardiomyopathy BKV BK polyomavirus BM bone marrow BMD bone mineral density BMF bone marrow failure BMI body mass index BMP bone morphogenic protein BNF British National Formulary BNP B-type natriuretic peptide BOS bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome BP blood pressure BPG biphosphoglycerate BRAO branch artery occlusion BRVO branch retinal vein occlusion BSEP haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count BSP bromosulphthalein BTS British Thoracic Society BUN blood urea nitrogen CA carbohydrate antigen CABG coronary artery bypass grafting CAF Comprehensive Assessment for Frailty CAH congenital adrenal hyperplasia CAM Confusion Assessment Method CAMT congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia CAP community-acquired pneumonia CAPS cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes CaR calcium-sensing receptor CAT COPD assessment test CBT cognitive behaviour therapy CCB calcium channel blocker CCK cholecystokinin CCP anticyclic citrullinated peptide CCQ Clinical COPD questionnaire CCV clathrin-coated vesicles CCyR complete cytogenetic response CD cluster of differentiation CDA congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia CDC donation after circulatory death CEA carcinoembryonic antigen CETP cholesteryl ester transfer protein CF cystic fibrosis CFA cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis cfDNA cell-free DNA CFS Clinical Frailty Scale CFTR cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator CFU colony forming unit CGA comprehensive geriatric assessment CGRP calcitonin gene-related peptide cGVHD chronic graft-versus-host disease CHAD cold haemagglutinin disease CHD coronary heart disease CHF congestive heart failure CHM Commission on Human Medicines CINAC chronic interstitial nephritis in agricultural communities CINCA chronic infantile neurological, cutaneous, and articular syndrome CISN coumarin-induced skin necrosis CK creatine kinase CKD chronic kidney disease CKD-EPI Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration CLL chronic lymphocytic leukaemia CML chronic myeloid leukaemia CMR cardiac magnetic resonance CMS congenital myasthenic syndrome CMT Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease CMV cytomegalovirus CNI calcineurin inhibitor CNS central nervous system CNSHA congenital non-spherocytic haemolytic anaemia CO cardiac output CoA coenzyme A COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COX cyclooxygenase CPAP continuous positive airway pressure CPM central pontine myelosis CPP central precocious puberty CPPS chronic pelvic pain syndrome CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation CR complete remission CRDQ Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire CREST calcinosis, Raynaud’s, oesophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, telangiectasia CRF chronic renal failure CRH corticotropin-releasing hormone CRIM cross-immunoreactive material CRP C-reactive protein CRT cardiac resynchronization therapy CS continuous smokers CSF cerebrospinal fluid/colony-stimulating factor CT computed tomography CTA computed tomography angiography CTCA computed tomography coronary angiography CTD connective tissue disease CTEPH chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension CTL cytotoxic T-lymphocyte CVD cardiovascular disease CVID common variable immunodeficiency CVS chorionic villus sampling CXR chest radiograph CYP cytochrome P450 CZT cadmium zinc telluride DAEC diffusely adherent Escherichia coli DALY disability-adjusted life year DAMP damage-associated molecular pattern DASH Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension DAT direct antiglobulin test
Abbreviations xxxvii DBA Diamond–Blackfan anaemia DBD donation after brain death DBP diastolic blood pressure DC dyskeratosis congenita (also dendritic cell) DCA directional coronary atherectomy DCCT Diabetes Control and Complications Trial DCD donation after circulatory death DCI decompression illness dcSSc diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis DCT distal convoluted tubule DDAVP 1-deamino-8-d-arginine vasopressin DDD dense deposit disease DECAF dyspnoea, eosinopenia, consolidation, acidosis, and atrial fibrillation DGP deamidated gliadin peptide DHG dihydroxyglutarate DIC disseminated intravascular coagulation DIC disseminated intravascular coagulation DILI drug-induced liver injury DILV double-inlet left ventricle DIP desquamative interstitial pneumonia DISC death-initiating signalling complex DISH diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis DLB dementia with Lewy bodies DLBCL diffuse large B-cell lymphoma DMARD disease-modifying antirheumatic drug DMD disease-modifying drugs (can also mean Duchenne muscular dystrophy) DMSA dimercaptosuccinic acid DNACPR do-not-attempt-cardiopulmonary resuscitation DNR do not resuscitate DOAC direct oral anticoagulant DOCA desoxycorticosterone DOPPS Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study DORV double-outlet right ventricle DPI dry powder inhalers DRE digital rectal examination DRESS drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms dRTA distal renal tubular acidosis DSA donor-specific antibodies DTC direct to consumer DTPA diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid DVT deep vein thrombosis DXA dual energy X-ray absorptiometry EACTS European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery EAggEC enteroaggregative Escherichia coli EANM European Association of Nuclear Medicine EAPCI European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions EASL European Association for the Study of the Liver EATL enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma EBV Epstein–Barr virus ECD extended criteria donor ECF extracellular fluid ECG electrocardiogram ECLAM European community lupus activity measure ECM extracellular matrix ECV extracellular volume EDMD Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy EDRF endothelial-derived relaxing factor EDTA European Dialysis and Transplant Association EDV end-diastolic volume EEG electroencephalography EELV end expiratory lung volume EGF epidermal growth factor eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate EGPA eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis EIEC enteroinvasive Escherichia coli EIS endoscopic injection sclerotherapy ELCA excimer laser coronary atherectomy ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay EM erythema multiforme (also electron microscopy) EMA endomysial antibody EMG electromyography EMS early morning urethral smear ENA extractable nuclear antigens ENaC epithelial sodium channel ENT ear, nose, or throat EOL end of life EoO eosinophilic oesophagitis EPCR endothelial cell protein C receptor EPEC enteropathogenic Escherichia coli EPO erythropoietin ER endoplasmic reticulum ERA European Renal Association ERC endoscopic retrograde cholangiography ERCP endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ERNV equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography ERS European Respiratory Society ESA erythropoiesis-stimulating agent ESC European Society of Cardiology ESGE European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ESH European Society of Hypertension ESKD end-stage kidney disease ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate ESRD end-stage renal disease ESS EULAR sicca score ESWL extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy ETEC enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli EUS endoscopic ultrasonography EVLP ex-vivo lung perfusion EVO endoscopic variceal obturation FA Fanconi’s anaemia FACIT fibril-associated collagen with interrupted triple FAK focal adhesion kinase FAP familial adenomatous polyposis FBC full blood count FCAS familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome FCHL familial combined hyperlipidaemia FDA Food and Drug Administration FDG fluorodeoxyglucose FDG-PET fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography FDP fibrinogen-degradation product FEV forced expiratory volume FEV1 forced expiratory volume in 1 s
Abbreviations xxxviii FFR fractional flow reserve FGF fibroblast growth factor FH familial hypercholesterolaemia FISH fluorescent in situ hybridization FL follicular lymphoma FLC free light chain FMF familial Mediterranean fever FMTC familial medullary thyroid carcinoma FNAB fine needle aspiration biopsy FNH focal nodular hyperplasia FOB faecal occult blood FODMAPs fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols FRC functional residual capacity FSGS focal segmental glomerulosclerosis FSH follicular stimulating hormone FTD frontotemporal dementia FVC forced vital capacity FVU first voided urine G6PD glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase GABA γ-aminobutyric acid GAD generalized anxiety disorder GALT gut-associated lymphoid tissue GAVE gastric antral vascular ectasia GBD Global Burden of Disease GBM glomerular basement membrane G-CSF granulocyte colony-stimulating factor GCA giant cell arteritis GCS Glasgow Coma Score GDF growth differentiation factors GEP gastroenteropancreatic GFB glomerular filtration barrier GFR glomerular filtration rate GH growth hormone GI gastrointestinal GIB gastrointestinal bleeding GIE glucocorticoid inhibitory element GIP gastric inhibitor peptide GIST gastrointestinal stromal tumour GLP glucagon-like peptide GM-CSF granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor GM/MS gas chromatography–mass spectrometry GN glomerulonephritis GnRH gonadotropin-releasing hormone GOLD Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease GOMMID glomerulonephritis with organized microtubular monoclonal immunoglobulin deposits GORD gastro-oesophageal reflux disease GOV gastro-oesophageal varices GP glycoprotein (also general practitioner) GPA granulomatosis with polyangiitis GPCR G-protein-coupled-receptors GPI glycosylphosphatidylinositol GRACE Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events GRADE Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations GRHPR glyoxylate/hydroxypyruvate reductase GSD glycogen storage disease GSGS focal segmental glomerulosclerosis GSH glutathione GU gonococcal urethritis GUM genitourinary medicine GVHD graft-versus-host disease GVL graft-versus-leukaemia GWAS genome-wide association study H&E haematoxylin and eosin stain HAART highly active antiretroviral therapy HAND HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder HAV hepatitis A virus HBc hepatitis B core HBeAG hepatitis B e antigen HBIg hepatitis B immunoglobulin HBPM home blood pressure measurement HBsAG hepatitis B surface antigen HBV hepatitis B virus HCC hepatocellular carcinoma HCG human chorionic gonadotropin HCV hepatitis C virus HD haemodialysis HDF haemodiafiltration HDL high-density lipoprotein HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol HDU high-dependency unit HDV hepatitis D virus HE hepatic encephalopathy or hereditary elliptocytosis HELLP haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets HES hypereosinophilic syndrome hESC human embryonic stem cell HETE hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid HEV hepatitis E virus HF haemofiltration HFA Heart Failure Association HFnEF heart failure with a normal ejection fraction HFOV high-frequency oscillatory ventilation HFV high-frequency ventilation HHT hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasis/ 15-hydroxy-5,8,10-hepatrotrienoic acid HHV human herpesvirus HIF hypoxia-inducible factors HIV human immunodeficiency virus HIV-OL human immunodeficiency virus oral lesion HK high molecular weight kininogen HL hepatic lipase HLA human leucocyte antigen HLH haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis HLHS hypoplastic left heart syndrome HMA hypomethylating agent HOGA 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate aldolase HPA hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal HPG hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal HPLC high-performance liquid chromatography HPP hereditary pyropoikilocytosis HPRT hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase HPV human papillomavirus
Abbreviations xxxix HRA high-resolution anoscopy HRCT high-resolution computed tomography HRT hormone replacement therapy HS hereditary spherocytosis HSC haematopoietic stem cell or hepatic stellate cell HSCT haemopoietic stem cell transplantation HSP Henoch–Schönlein purpura HSPC haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell HSV herpes simplex virus HUS haemolytic uraemic syndrome HUV hypocomplementaemic urticarial vasculitis IADL instrumental activities of daily living IAS insulin autoimmune syndrome IBD irritable bowel disease IBS irritable bowel syndrome IBS-C irritable bowel syndrome with constipation IBS-D irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea IBS-M irritable bowel syndrome with alternating constipation and diarrhoea IC intercalated cell ICAM intercell adhesion molecules ICD implantable cardioverter-defibrillator ICP intracranial pressure ICS inhaled oral corticosteroids ICU intensive care unit IDA iminodiacetic acid IDL intermediate-density lipoprotein IEC intestinal epithelial cell IF intrinsic factor IFG impaired fasting glucose IFN interferon Ig immunoglobulin IgAN immunoglobulin A nephropathy IgE immunoglobulin E IGF insulin-like growth factors IgG4-RD immunoglobulin G4-related disease IgG4-SC immunoglobulin G4-related sclerosing cholangitis IGV isolated gastric varices IHD ischaemic heart disease IHME Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation IIH idiopathic intracranial hypertension IIP idiopathic interstitial pneumonias IL interleukin ILC innate lymphoid cell ILD interstitial lung disease IMA inferior mesenteric artery INR international normalized ratio IPAF interstitial pneumonitis with autoimmune features IPEX immunodysregulation polyendocrinopathy enteropathy X-linked IPF idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis IPI International Prognostic Index iPSC induced pluripotent stem cell IPSID immunoproliferative small intestinal disease IRIDA iron-refractory iron deficiency anaemia IRIS immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome IRM immunoradiographic assay IRV Inspiratory and expiratory reserve volume ISH International Society of Hypertension ISHLT International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation ISIS International Study of Infarct Survival ISWT incremental shuttle walking test ITP immune thrombocytopenia ITU intensive care unit IV intravenous IVC inferior vena cava IVF in vitro fertilization IVIG intravenous immunoglobulin IVU intravenous urography JE Japanese encephalitis JIA juvenile idiopathic arthritis JNC Joint National Committee KDIGO Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes LA left atrium LAMA long-acting antimuscarinic agents LBBB left bundle branch block LCAT lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase LCH Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis lcSSc limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis LDH lactate dehydrogenase LDL low-density lipoprotein LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol LFT liver function test LGE late gadolinium enhancement LGMD limb-girdle muscular dystrophy LGV lymphogranuloma venereum LH luteinizing hormone LIC liver iron content LINQ Lung Information Needs Questionnaire LIP lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia LKM liver–kidney microsomal LMICs low- and middle-income countries LMN lower motor neuron LMWH low molecular weight heparin LMWP low molecular weight protein LOLA l-ornithine l-arginine LP lumbar puncture LPL lipoprotein lipase LPLR lipoprotein lipase receptor LTOT long-term oxygen therapy LV left ventricle LVDD left ventricular diastolic dysfunction LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction LVOT left ventricular outflow tract LVRS lung volume reduction surgery LVSD left ventricular systolic dysfunction MAG3 mercaptoacetyltriglycine MAGIC MAGnesium in Coronaries MAHA microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia MALT mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue MAO monoamine oxidase inhibitor MAP mean arterial pressure MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase MBD mineral and bone disorder M-CSF macrophage colony-stimulating factor
Abbreviations xl MCHC mean cell haemoglobin concentration MCL mantle cell lymphoma MCNS minimal change nephrotic syndrome MCpEF myocarditis with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction MCV mean corpuscular volume MDE myeloma-defining event MDI metered dose inhalers MDRD Modification of Diet in Renal Disease MDS myelodysplastic syndrome MED minimal erythema dose MELD Model for End-Stage Liver Disease MEN multiple endocrine neoplasia MERFF myoclonic epilepsy and ragged red fibres mESC mouse embryonic stem cell MGRS monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance MGUS monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance MHC major histocompatibility complex MHRA Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency MIC minimum inhibitory concentration MIDD monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition diseases MKD mevalonate kinase deficiency MM malignant melanoma MMA methylmalonic acid MMF mycophenolate mofetil MMP matrix metalloproteinase MMR mismatch repair MN membranous nephropathy MND motor neuron disease MoCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment MPA microscopic polyangiitis MPO myeloperoxidase MPS mucopolysaccharidosis (also myocardial perfusion scintigraphy) MR magnetic resonance MRA magnetic resonance angiography (can also be medicine regulatory authority) MRC Medical Research Council MRCP magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography MRI magnetic resonance imaging MRSA methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus MS multiple sclerosis MS/MS tandem mass spectroscopy MSA multiple-system atrophy MSC mesenchymal stromal cell MSH melanocyte-stimulating hormone MSU midstream urine MTC medullary thyroid carcinoma mTOR mammalian target of rapamycin MUS medically unexplained symptoms MWS Muckle–Wells syndrome NAAT nucleic acid amplification testing NABQI N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine NADH reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide NADPH reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate NAFLD nonalcoholic fatty liver disease NAIT neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia NASH nonalcoholic steatohepatitis NCAM neural-cell adhesion molecule NEP neutral endopeptidase NET neuroendocrine tumour or neutrophil extracellular trap NETT National Emphysema Therapy Trial NEWS National Early Warning Score NGF nerve growth factor NGS next-generation sequencing NHDL-C non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol NHL non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma NHS National Health Service (UK) NICE National Institute for Health and Care Excellence NIPPV non-invasive nasal positive-pressure ventilation NIPT non-invasive prenatal testing NIV non-invasive ventilation NK natural killer NKT natural killer T NLST National Lung Screening Trial NMS neuroleptic malignant syndrome NMSC non-melanoma skin cancer NNH number needed to harm NNT number needed to treat NOTT Nocturnal Oxygen Treatment Trial NREM non-rapid eye movement NRT nicotine replacement therapy NSAID non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer NSIP non-specific interstitial pneumonia NSTEMI non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction NTD neural tube defect NTM non-tuberculous mycobacterial NT-proBNP N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide NYHA New York Heart Association OAF osteoclast-activating factor OAPR odds of being affected given a positive result OB obliterative bronchiolitis OCD obsessive–compulsive disorder OCT optical coherence tomography OD once daily OECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development OED other eating disorders OLP oral lichen planus OMIM Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man OMT optimal medical therapy OPAT outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy OR odds ratio OS overall survival OSA obstructive sleep apnoea OTB oral tuberculosis PA pernicious anaemia (also pulmonary artery) PACAP pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide PAF platelet activating factor PAH polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (can also mean pulmonary hypertension)
Abbreviations xli PAOP pulmonary artery occlusion pressure PAS periodic acid–Schiff PASI Psoriasis Area and Severity Index PASP pulmonary artery systolic pressure PBD polyglucosan body disease PBM peripheral blood mononuclear cell PCC prothrombin complex concentrate PCH paroxysmal cold haemoglobinuria (also pulmonary capillary haemangiomatosis) PCI percutaneous coronary intervention PCNSL primary central nervous system lymphoma Pco partial pressure of carbon dioxide PCP Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia PCR polymerase chain reaction (also protein:creatinine ratio) PCT proximal convoluted tubule PCV pneumococcal conjugate vaccine PCWP pulmonary capillary wedge pressure PD peritoneal dialysis (also Parkinson’s disease) PDA patent ductus arteriosus PDC pyruvate dehydrogenase complex PDD Parkinson’s disease dementia PDGF platelet-derived growth factor PE pleural effusion (can also mean pulmonary embolism) PEACH Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Evaluation and Clinical Health PEEP positive end expiratory pressure PEF peak expiratory flow PEG percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy PET position emission tomography PFO patent foramen ovale PFS progression-free survival PGK phosphoglycerate kinase PHARC polyneuropathy, hearing loss, ataxia, retinitis pigmentosa, and cataract PICS post-intensive care syndrome PID pelvic inflammatory disease PIGN postinfectious glomerulonephritis PK pyruvate kinase PKD pyruvate kinase deficiency (also polycystic kidney disease) PKU phenylketonuria PLA2R phospholipase A2 receptor PMN polymorphonuclear neutrophil PMR polymyalgia rheumatica PNH paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria Po2 partial pressure of oxygen POC point of care POMC pro-opiomelanocortin PP polypeptide PPI proton pump inhibitor ppm parts per million PPS Palliative Performance Scale PPV porcine parvovirus PR3 proteinase 3 PRCA pure red cell aplasia PRI population reference intake PRPP phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate PRR pattern-recognition receptor PRrP parathyroid-hormone-related protein PSA prostate-specific antigen PSC primary sclerosing cholangitis PSP primary spontaneous pneumothorax PT prothrombin time PTC percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography PTCA percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty PTH parathyroid hormone PTHrP PTH/PTH-related peptide PTLD post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder PTP post-transfusion purpura PTSD post-traumatic stress disorder PUVA psoralen ultraviolet A PV pemphigus vulgaris (also plasmas viscosity test) PVE prosthetic valve endocarditis PVOD pulmonary veno-occlusive disease PVR pulmonary vascular resistance PYY peptide tyrosine-tyrosine QALY quality-adjusted life year RA rheumatoid arthritis (can also mean right atrium) RAAS renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system RAS renin–angiotensin system (also renal artery stenosis or restrictive allograft syndrome RAVV right atrioventricular valve RBBB right bundle branch block RBF rat bite fevers RCA right coronary artery RCC renal cell carcinoma RCDP rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata RCT randomized controlled trial RDA recommended dietary allowance REM rapid eye movement RF rheumatoid factor RI resistivity index RNA ribonucleic acid RNI reference nutrient intake RNP ribonucleoprotein ROC receiver–operator characteristic RP ribosomal protein RRT renal replacement therapy RTA renal tubular acidosis RV residual volume (also right ventricle) RVOTO right ventricular outflow tract obstruction SA short-axis SABR stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy SBP spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (also systolic blood pressure) SCC squamous cell carcinoma SCD sickle cell disease (also sudden cardiac death) SCI spinal cord injuries SCID severe combined immunodeficiency SCLC small cell lung cancer SCMR Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance SCN sickle cell nephropathy or severe congenital neutropenia sdLDL small dense low-density lipoprotein SDS Shwachman–Diamond syndrome
Abbreviations xlii SEER Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results SGRQ St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire SHBG sex hormone binding globulin SHEC Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli SIADH syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion SIRS systemic inflammatory response syndrome SLB surgical lung biopsy SLE systemic lupus erythematosus SM smouldering myeloma SMA superior mesenteric artery (also smooth muscle antibody) SMC smooth muscle cell sMDRD simplified Modification of Diet in Renal Disease SMR standardized mortality ratio SNGFR single-nephron glomerular filtration rate SNP single nucleotide polymorphism SNS sympathetic nervous system SOD sphincter of Oddi disorder SPC Summary of Product Characteristics SPD storage pool deficiency SPECT single-positron emission computed tomography SPF sun protection factor SSc systemic sclerosis SSD somatic symptom disorder SSFP steady-state free precession SSRI selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor STEMI ST elevation myocardial infarction STI sexually transmitted infection STOPP/START set of inappropriate combinations of medicines and disease (STOPP) and a set of recommended treatments for given conditions (START) suPAR soluble urokinase plasminogen activating receptor SVC superior vena cava SVR systemic vascular resistance TACE transarterial chemoembolization TAE transarterial embolization TALH thick ascending limb of Henle TAR thrombocytopenia with absent radii TAVI transcatheter aortic valve implantation TB tuberculosis TBLC transbronchial lung cryobiopsy TBM tuberculous meningitis TC total cholesterol TCA tricyclic antidepressant TCPC total cavopulmonary connection TCR T-cell receptor TCT thrombin clotting time TdT terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase TEC transient erythroblastopenia of childhood TEN toxic epidermal necrolysis TF transcription factor (also tissue factor) TFPI tissue factor pathway inhibitor TG triglyceride TGF transforming growth factor TGFα, TGFβ transforming growth factor-α, -β TGN trans Golgi network THR total hip replacement THRIVE Treatment of HDL to Reduce the Incidence of Vascular Events TIA transient ischaemic attack TIBC total iron-binding capacity TIMI thrombolysis in myocardial infarction TINU tubulointerstitial nephritis uveitis TIPS transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt TK tyrosine kinase TKI tyrosine kinase inhibitor TKR total knee replacement TLC total lung capacity TLR Toll-like receptor TMA thrombotic microangiopathy t-MDS therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome(s) TNF tumour necrosis factor TNFα tumour necrosis factor-α tPA tissue plasminogen activator TPN total parenteral nutrition TPN total parenteral nutrition TRAIL TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand TRAPS tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome Treg regulatory T (cell) TROPHY Trial of Preventing Hypertension TSH thyroid-stimulating hormone TTD thiazide-type diuretic tTG tissue transglutaminase TTIP Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership TTKG transtubular potassium concentration gradient TTP thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura TURBT transurethral resection of bladder tumour TV tricuspid valve UAER urinary albumin excretion rate UCB umbilical cord blood UDCA ursodeoxycholic acid UDP uridine diphosphate UI urinary incontinence UIP usual interstitial pneumonia UKELD United Kingdom Model for End-Stage Liver Disease UKM urea kinetic modelling UKMEC UK Medical Eligibility Criteria UKPDS United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study ULN upper limit of normal UMN upper motor neuron UPR unfolded protein response URR urea reduction ratio URTI upper respiratory tract infection UTI urinary tract infection UV ultraviolet UVL ultraviolet light UVR ultraviolet radiation V/Q ventilation/perfusion VARD video-assisted retroperitoneal debridement VATS video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery VC vital capacity vCJD variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
Abbreviations xliii VDRL Venereal Diseases Research Laboratory VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor VEOIBD very early-onset inflammatory bowel disease VIP vasoactive intestinal peptide VKA vitamin K antagonist VLA vertical long axis VLCFA very long-chain fatty acid VLDL very low-density lipoprotein VSD ventricular septal defect VTE venous thromboembolism VWD von Willebrand’s disease VWF von Willebrand factor VZV varicella zoster virus WBC white blood cell WCC white cell count WGS whole genome sequencing WHO World Health Organization WM Waldenström’s macroglobulinaemia X-ALD X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy XLH X-linked hypophosphataemia YLDs years lived with disability YLL years of life lost ZASP Z-line associated protein
Contributors
Peter Aaby Bandim Health Project, INDEPTH
Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau, West Africa
8.5.6: Measles
Emma Aarons Consultant Virologist and Infectious
Disease Physician, Rare and Imported Pathogens
Laboratory, Public Health England, Salisbury,
Wiltshire, UK
8.5.27: Orf and Milker’s nodule
Tom Abbott William Harvey Research Institute,
Queen Mary University of London, UK
17.4: Assessing and preparing patients with
medical conditions for major surgery
Ade Adebajo Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and
Health, University of Sheffield, UK
19.12: Miscellaneous conditions presenting to the
rheumatologist
Raymond Agius Occupational Medicine, University
of Manchester, UK
10.2.1: Occupational and environmental health
S. Faisal Ahmed School of Medicine, University
of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Children,
Glasgow, UK
13.7.3: Normal and abnormal sexual
differentiation
Shahzada K. Ahmed Department of
Otorhinolaryngology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital,
Birmingham, UK
13.2.2: Disorders of the posterior pituitary gland
Vineet Ahuja Department of Gastroenterology and
Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India
15.10.8: Malabsorption syndromes in the tropics
Guruprasad P. Aithal NIHR Nottingham Biomedical
Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals
NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham;
Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, The
University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
15.24.3: Drug-induced liver disease
Sara Ajina Nuffield Department of Clinical
Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
24.6.1: Visual pathways
Tyler Albert VA Puget Sound Health Care System,
Division of General Internal Medicine, University
of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
10.3.6: Diseases of high terrestrial altitudes
Maha Albur University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
8.2.5: Antimicrobial chemotherapy
Michael J. Aldape Veterans Affairs Medical Center,
Infectious Diseases Section, Boise, ID, USA
8.6.25: Botulism, gas gangrene, and clostridial
gastrointestinal infections
Graeme J.M. Alexander UCL Professor, UCL
Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal
Free Hospital, London, UK
15.23.1: Hepatitis A to E; 15.24.6: Primary and
secondary liver tumours
Michael E.D. Allison Liver Unit, Cambridge
Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke’s
Hospital, Cambridge, UK
15.24.6: Primary and secondary liver tumours
Carlo Ammendolia Faculty of Medicine,
University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;
Rebecca MacDonald Centre for Arthritis
and Autoimmune Diseases, Division of
Rheumatology, Mount Sinai Hospital,
Toronto, Canada
19.4: Back pain and regional disorders
Chris Andrews Faculty of Medicine, University of
Queensland, Herston, Qld 4029, Australia
10.3.5: Lightning and electrical injuries
Ross H. Andrews Professor, Cholangiocarcinoma
Research Institute (CARI), Cholangiocarcinoma
Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Faculty
of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen,
Thailand; Professor of Parasitology, Imperial
College London, Faculty of Medicine, St Mary’s
Campus, London, UK
8.11.2: Liver fluke infections
Jervoise Andreyev Consultant Gastroenterologist,
United Lincolnshire Hospitals Trust; Honorary
Professor, The School of Medicine, University of
Nottingham, UK
15.3.4: Investigation of gastrointestinal
function
Gregory M. Anstead Division of Infectious
Diseases, Department of Medicine, University
of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio,
San Antonio, TX, USA; Immunosuppression
and Infectious Diseases Clinics, Department
of Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Care
System, San Antonio, TX, USA
8.7.3: Coccidioidomycosis
Quentin M. Anstee Professor of Experimental
Hepatology and Honorary Consultant
Hepatologist, Faculty of Medical Sciences,
Newcastle University and Freeman Hospital
Liver Unit, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS
Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
15.24.2: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Charles M.G. Archer Department of Dermatology,
Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust,
Oxford, UK
23.15: Skin and systemic diseases
Clive B. Archer Consultant Dermatologist and
Honorary Senior Clinical Lecturer, St John’s
Institute of Dermatology, Guy’s and St Thomas’
NHS Foundation Trust & King’s College London,
Guy’s Hospital, London, UK
23.15: Skin and systemic diseases
Michael J. Arden-Jones Consultant
Dermatologist, University of Southampton,
Southampton, UK
23.6: Dermatitis/eczema
Mark J. Arends University of Edinburgh Division
of Pathology, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh
Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular
Medicine, Western General Hospital,
Edinburgh, UK
3.6: Apoptosis in health and disease
J. Arendt Emeritus Professor of
Endocrinology, University of Surrey,
Guildford, UK
13.11: The pineal gland and melatonin
James O. Armitage The Joe Shapiro Professor of
Medicine, Division of Oncology/Hematology,
University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha,
NE, USA
22.4.3: Hodgkin lymphoma; 22.4.4: Non-Hodgkin
lymphoma
Vicente Arroyo Professor of Medicine at the
University of Barcelona Medical School;
Chairman of the European Association
for the Study of the Liver Chronic Liver
Failure Consortium (EASL-CLIF
Consortium) and President of the European
Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver
Failure (EF-CLIF), Barcelona, Spain
15.22.2: Cirrhosis and ascites
Daniel Aruch Icahn School of Medicine at Mount
Sinai, New York, NY, USA
22.3.5: The polycythaemias; 22.3.6: Thrombocytosis
and essential thrombocythaemia
Frances Ashcroft Professor of Physiology,
Department of Physiology, Anatomy and
Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
3.4: Ion channels and disease
Caroline Ashley Lead Specialist Pharmacist,
Centre for Nephrology, Royal Free Hospital,
London, UK
21.19: Drugs and the kidney
Shazad Q. Ashraf Consultant Colorectal Surgeon,
Department of Colorectal Surgery, Queen
Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham University
Hospitals, Birmingham, UK
15.14: Colonic diverticular disease
Contributors
xlvi
Paul Aveyard Nuffield Department of Primary Care
Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
26.6.2: Obesity and weight management;
26.6.3: Smoking cessation
Tar-Ching Aw† Abu Dhabi National Oil Company,
United Arab Emirates
10.2.5: Noise; 10.2.6 Vibration
Jon G. Ayres Emeritus Professor of Environmental
and Respiratory Medicine, Universty of
Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
10.1: Environmental medicine, occupational
medicine, and poisoning; 10.3.1: Air pollution
and health
Juan Carlos Ayus Renal Consultants of Houston,
Houston, TX, USA; University of California
Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
21.2.1: Disorders of water and sodium homeostasis
Qasim Aziz Centre for Neuroscience,
Surgery and Trauma, Wingate Institute of
Neurogastroenterology, Blizard Institute, Barts
and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry,
Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
15.13: Irritable bowel syndrome
Trevor Baglin Previously Cambridge Haemophilia
and Thrombophilia Centre, Department of
Haematology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge
University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
22.7.2: Evaluation of the patient with a bleeding
tendency
Michael Bagshaw Aviation Medicine, King’s
College, London, UK
10.2.3: Aviation medicine
Colin Baigent Clinical Trial Service Unit and
Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), University
of Oxford, Oxford, UK
2.4: Large-scale randomized evidence: Trials and
meta-analyses of trials
Kenneth F. Baker Faculty of Medical Sciences,
Newcastle University and Musculoskeletal Unit,
Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation
Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
19.5: Rheumatoid arthritis
Bettina Balint Sobell Department of Motor
Neuroscience and Movement Disorders,
University College London Institute of
Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK;
Department of Neurology, University Hospital
Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Germany
24.7.3: Movement disorders other than
Parkinson’s disease
Jay Banerjee College of Life Sciences, University of
Leicester, Leicester, UK
6.4: Older people and urgent care
Adrian P. Banning Oxford University Hospitals NHS
Trust, Oxford, UK
16.3.2: Echocardiography;
16.14.1 Acute aortic syndromes
George Banting Medical Sciences Building,
University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
3.1: The cell
Thomas M. Barber University of Warwick, University
Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust,
Coventry, UK
13.10: Hormonal manifestations of non-endocrine
disease
E.J. Barnes Nuffield Department of Medicine,
University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
8.5.22: Hepatitis C virus
Michael Barnes University of Newcastle, Newcastle
upon Tyne, UK; Christchurch Group, Janet
Barnes Unit, Birmingham, UK
24.13.2: Spinal cord injury and its management
Andrew J. Barr Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and
Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds, UK
19.9: Osteoarthritis
Jonathan Barratt Professor of Renal Medicine,
University of Leicester; Honorary Consultant
Nephrologist, University Hospitals of Leicester,
Leicester, UK
21.8.1: Immunoglobulin A nephropathy and
IgA vasculitis (HSP)
Buddha Basnyat Oxford University Clinical
Research Unit - Nepal; Patan Academy of Health
Sciences, Nepal
8.6.9 Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers;
10.3.6: Diseases of high terrestrial altitudes
D. Nicholas Bateman, Pharmacology, Toxicology
and Therapeutics, University of Edinburgh,
Edinburgh, UK
10.4.1: Poisoning by drugs and chemicals
David Bates Clinical Neurology, Newcastle
University, Newcastle on Tyne, UK
24.5.5: The unconscious patient; 24.9: Brainstem
syndromes
Robert P. Baughman University of Cincinnati
Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
18.12: Sarcoidosis
Peter J. Baxter School of Clinical Medicine,
Public Health and Primary Care,
Institute of Public Health, University of
Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
10.3.8: Disasters: Earthquakes, hurricanes, floods,
and volcanic eruptions
Hannah Beckwith Specialist Registrar, Imperial
College Healthcare NHS Trust Renal and
Transplant Centre, Hammersmith Hospital,
London, UK
21.10.3: The kidney in rheumatological
disorders
Diederik van de Beek Academic Medical Center,
University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the
Netherlands
24.11.1: Bacterial infections
David A. Bender University College London,
London, UK
11.2: Vitamins
D.A. Bente University of Texas Medical Branch,
Galveston, TX, USA
8.5.16: Bunyaviridae
Anthony R. Berendt Oxford University Hospitals
NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
20.3: Osteomyelitis
Stefan Berg Consultant in Pediatric Rheumatology
and Immunology, Queen Silvia Children’s
Hospital, Goteborg, Sweden
12.12.2 Hereditary periodic fever syndromes
David de Berker Bristol Dermatology
Centre, University Hospitals Bristol,
Bristol, UK
23.13: Hair and nail disorders
Nancy Berliner H. Franklin Bunn Professor of
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
22.3.1: Granulocytes in health and disease;
22.4.1: Introduction to lymphopoiesis
Jessica Bertrand Experimental Orthopedics,
University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg,
Germany
19.1: Joints and connective tissue—structure
and function
J.M. Best King’s College London, London, UK
8.5.13: Rubella
Delia B. Bethell Oxford University Hospitals NHS
Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
8.6.1: Diphtheria
Kailash Bhatia Sobell Department of Motor
Neuroscience and Movement Disorders,
University College London (UCL) Institute of
Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
24.7.3: Movement disorders other than
Parkinson’s disease
Vijaya Raj Bhatt Assistant Professor, Division of
Hematology-Oncology, University of Nebraska
Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
22.4.3: Hodgkin lymphoma; 22.4.4: Non-Hodgkin
lymphoma
Joya Bhattacharyya Division of Gastroenterology
and Hepatology, Department of Medicine,
University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s
Hospital, Cambridge, UK
15.5: Immune disorders of the
gastrointestinal tract
Paola Bianchi Oncohematology Unit—
Pathophysiology of Anemias Unit, Foundation
IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore,
Milan, Italy
22.6.10: Erythrocyte enzymopathies
Rudolf Bilous Professor of Clinical Medicine,
Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne;
Academic Centre, James Cook University
Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
21.10.1: Diabetes mellitus and the kidney
D. Bilton Faculty of Medicine, National Heart
and Lung Institute, Imperial College London,
London, UK
18.9: Bronchiectasis
Jonathan I. Bisson Division of Psychological
Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University
of Cardiff, Cardiff, UK
26.5.9: Acute stress disorder, adjustment disorders,
and post-traumatic stress disorder
Carol M. Black Newnham College, Cambridge, UK
19.11.3: Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma)
S.R. Bloom Head of Division of Diabetes,
Endocrinology and Metabolism,
Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College
London, London, UK
13.8: Pancreatic endocrine disorders and multiple
endocrine neoplasia; 15.9.1: Hormones and the
gastrointestinal tract;
15.9.2: Carcinoid syndrome
Johannes Blum Medical Services, Swiss
Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel,
Switzerland
8.8.11: Human African trypanosomiasis
† It is with great regret that we report that Tar-Ching Aw died on 18 July, 2017.
Contributors
xlvii
Kristien Boelaert University of Birmingham,
Birmingham, UK
13.3.1: The thyroid gland and disorders of thyroid
function; 13.3.2: Thyroid cancer
Eva Boonen Clinical Division and Laboratory of
Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular
and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven University,
B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
17.9: Metabolic and endocrine changes in acute
and chronic critical illness
Christopher Booth† Wellcome Institute for the
History of Medicine, Wellcome Building,
London, UK
1.1: On being a patient
Marina Botto Professor, Imperial College London,
London, UK
4.2: The complement system
Ralph Bouhaidar Consultant Forensic Pathologist,
NHS Lothian; Honorary Senior Lecturer,
Edinburgh University, Edinburgh; Training
Programme Director for Forensic Histopathology
(Scotland), UK
27.1: Forensic and legal medicine
Henri-Jean Boulouis Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire
d’Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
8.6.43: Bartonellas excluding B. bacilliformis
P.-M.G. Bouloux Centre for Neuroendocrinology,
University College London Medical School,
London, UK
13.6.2: Disorders of male reproduction and male
hypogonadism
S.J. Bourke Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle
upon Tyne, UK
18.14.1: Diffuse alveolar haemorrhage;
18.14.2: Eosinophilic pneumonia;
18.14.3: Lymphocytic infiltrations of the lung;
18.14.4: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis;
18.14.5: Pulmonary Langerhans’ cell
histiocytosis; 18.14.6: Lymphangioleiomyomatosis;
18.14.7: Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis;
18.14.8: Pulmonary amyloidosis; 18.14.9: Lipoid
(lipid) pneumonia; 18.14.10: Pulmonary
alveolar microlithiasis; 18.14.12: Radiation
pneumonitis; 18.14.13: Drug-induced
lung disease
Ian C.J.W. Bowler Oxford University Hospitals NHS
Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; University of
Oxford, Oxford, UK
8.2.3: Nosocomial infections
Louise Bowles Consultant Haematologist, Barts
Health NHS Trust, London, UK
14.7: Thrombosis in pregnancy
Paul Bowness Oxford University Hospitals
NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Nuffield
Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and
Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford,
Oxford, UK
4.1: The innate immune system
Ray Boyapati Department of Gastroenterology,
Monash Health, Victoria, Australia; Faculty of
Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash
University, Vic, Australia
15.17: Vascular disorders of the
gastrointestinal tract
Sally M. Bradberry NPIS (Birmingham Unit) and
West Midlands Poisons Unit, City Hospital,
Birmingham; School of Biosciences, University of
Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
10.4.1: Poisoning by drugs and chemicals
Marcus Bradley North Bristol NHS Trust,
Bristol, UK
24.3.3: Imaging in neurological diseases
Tasanee Braithwaite Locum Consultant, Moorfields
Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
25.1: The eye in general medicine
Thomas Brandt Ludwig Maximilians University,
Munich, Germany
24.6.2: Eye movements and balance
Petter Brandtzaeg Emeritus Professor, Department
of Paediatrics, Oslo University Hospital,
Oslo, Norway
8.6.5: Meningococcal infections
Philippe Brasseur Institut de Recherche pour le
Développement, Dakar, Sénégal, West Africa
8.8.3: Babesiosis
Jürgen Braun Medical Director, Rheumazentrum
Ruhrgebiet, Herne, Germany; Chair of
Rheumatology, Ruhr University, Bochum,
Germany
19.6: Spondyloarthritis and related
conditions
Evan M. Braunstein Hematology Division, Johns
Hopkins University School of Medicine,
Baltimore, MD, USA
22.3.7: Primary myelofibrosis
James D. Brenton Cancer Research UK
Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge, UK
5.2: The nature and development of cancer: Cancer
mutations and their implications
J.A. Bridgewater Professor and Consultant in
Medical Oncology, UCL Cancer Institute,
London, UK
15.16: Cancers of the gastrointestinal tract
Frank Bridoux Professor of Nephrology,
Department of Nephrology, Hôpital Jean
Bernard, Poitiers, France
21.10.5: Renal involvement in plasma cell
dyscrasias, immunoglobulin-based amyloidoses,
and fibrillary glomerulopathies, lymphomas, and
leukaemias
Charlotte K. Brierley Department of Haematology,
Cancer and Haematology Centre, Churchill
Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust,
Oxford, UK
22.3.2: Myelodysplastic syndromes
Alice Brockington University of Sheffield,
Sheffield, UK
24.15: The motor neuron diseases
Max Bronstein Advocacy and Science
Policy, Every Life Foundation, Washington,
DC, USA
2.9: Engaging patients in therapeutic
development
Gary Brook London North West University
Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
9.3: Sexual history and examination
Arthur E. Brown Research Consultant, Faculty
of Medical Technology, Mahidol University,
Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
8.6.21: Anthrax
Anthony F.T. Brown Department of Emergency
Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital,
Brisbane, Qld, Australia
17.3: Anaphylaxis
Kevin E. Brown Virus Reference Department, Public
Health England, London, UK
8.5.20: Parvovirus B19
Michael Brown Department of Infectious and
Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and
Tropical Medicine, London, UK
8.9.4: Strongyloidiasis, hookworm, and other gut
strongyloid nematodes
Morris J. Brown Professor of Endocrine
Hypertension, Queen Mary University of London,
William Harvey Heart Centre, London, UK
16.17.3: Secondary hypertension
Vanessa Brown Specialist Registrar, Royal Surrey
County Hospital, Guildford, UK
15.4.2: Gastrointestinal bleeding
Reto Brun Parasite Chemotherapy Unit, Medical
Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical
and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
8.8.11: Human African trypanosomiasis
Marco J. Bruno Erasmus Medical Center, University
Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of
Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rotterdam,
the Netherlands
15.26.2: Chronic pancreatitis
Amy E. Bryant Research Professor, Department
of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
College of Pharmacy, Idaho State University,
ID, USA
8.6.25: Botulism, gas gangrene, and clostridial
gastrointestinal infections
Antony D.M. Bryceson London School of Hygiene
and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
8.8.13: Leishmaniasis
Nicolas C. Buchs Consultant Colorectal Surgeon,
Clinic for Visceral and Transplantation Surgery,
Department of Surgery, University Hospitals of
Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
15.14: Colonic diverticular disease
Camilla Buckley MRC Clinician Scientist and
Honorary Consultant, Department of Clinical
Neurology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
24.24: Autoimmune encephalitis and Morvan’s
syndrome
Simon J.A. Buczacki Honorary Consultant
Colorectal Surgeon, Cambridge Colorectal Unit,
Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
15.4.1: The acute abdomen
Enrico Bugiardini MRC Centre for Neuromuscular
Disease, University College London, London, UK
24.19.1: Structure and function of muscle
Alan Burnett Former Professor of Haematology,
Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
22.3.3: Acute myeloid leukaemia
Gilbert Burnham John Hopkins Bloomberg School
of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
8.9.1: Cutaneous filariasis
Aine Burns Consultant Nephrologist and Director
of Postgraduate Medical Education, Centre
for Nephrology, Royal Free NHS Trust and
University College Medical School, London, UK
21.19: Drugs and the kidney
† It is with great regret that we report that Christopher Booth died on 13 July, 2012.
Contributors
xlviii
Eileen Burns Leeds Centre for Older People’s
Medicine, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust,
Leeds, UK
6.11: Promotion of dignity in the life and death of
older patients
Harry Burns University of Strathclyde, UK
2.14: Deprivation and health
N.P. Burrows Consultant Dermatologist, Cambridge
University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust,
Cambridge, UK
20.2: Inherited defects of connective tissue:
Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, Marfan syndrome, and
pseudoxanthoma elasticum
Rosie Burton Khayelitsha District Hospital,
Corner of Walter Sisulu and Streve Biko
Roads, Khayelitsha, Cape Town, Africa;
Department of Medicine, University of Cape
Town, Cape Town, Africa
14.15: Maternal infection in pregnancy
Andrew Bush Imperial College London, London,
UK; National Heart and Lung Institute, London,
UK; Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS
Foundation Trust, London, UK
18.10: Cystic fibrosis
Kate Bushby Newcastle University John Walton
Centre for Muscular Dystrophy Research, MRC
Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of
Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life,
Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
24.19.2: Muscular dystrophy
Gary Butler University College London Hospital
and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child
Health, London, UK
13.7.1: Normal growth and its disorders
William F. Bynum Professor Emeritus, University
College London, London, UK
2.1: Science in medicine: When, how,
and what
Simone M. Cacciò European Union Reference
Laboratory for Parasites, Department of
Infectious, Parasitic and Immunomediated
Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità,
Rome, Italy
8.8.5: Cryptosporidium and cryptosporidiosis
Djuna L. Cahen Erasmus Medical Center, University
Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of
Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rotterdam,
the Netherlands
15.26.2: Chronic pancreatitis
P.M.A. Calverley School of Clinical Sciences,
University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
18.15: Chronic respiratory failure
Jason Caplan Dignity Health Medical Group; St.
Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center; Creighton
University School of Medicine; Phoenix,
AZ, USA
26.5.3: Organic psychoses
Jonathan R. Carapetis Telethon Kids Institute,
University of Western Australia and Perth
Children’s Hospital, Perth, Australia
16.9.1: Acute rheumatic fever
Jordi Carratalà Department of Infectious Diseases,
Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge - IDIBELL,
Division of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine,
University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
8.6.39: Legionellosis and Legionnaires’ disease
R. Carter Consultant Pancreaticobiliary Surgeon,
West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal
Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
15.26.1: Acute pancreatitis
Stuart Carter Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS
Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
19.12: Miscellaneous conditions presenting to the
rheumatologist
David Carty Department of Diabetes,
Endocrinology and Clinical Pharmacology,
Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
14.11: Endocrine disease in pregnancy
Jaimini Cegla Imperial College London,
London, UK
12.6: Lipid disorders
Joseph Cerimele University of Washington,
Washington, DC, USA
26.5.6: Depressive disorder
Joshua T. Chai Department of Cardiovascular
Medicine, University of Oxford,
Oxford, UK
16.13.1: Biology and pathology of
atherosclerosis
Richard E. Chaisson Center for Tuberculosis
Research, Johns Hopkins University School of
Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
8.6.26: Tuberculosis
Romanee Chaiwarith Division of Infectious
Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of
Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai,
Thailand
8.7.6: Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffei
infection
Ben Challis University of Cambridge Medical
School, Cambridge, UK
13.9.2: Hypoglycaemia
Siddharthan Chandran Euan MacDonald Centre
for Clinical Brain Sciences (CCBS), University of
Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
3.7: Stem cells and regenerative medicine;
24.10.2: Demyelinating disorders of the central
nervous system
Keith Channon John Radcliffe Hospital,
Oxford, UK
16.1.1: Blood vessels and the endothelium
Roger W. Chapman Translational Gastroenterology
Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Nuffield
Department of Medicine, University of Oxford,
Oxford, UK
15.23.4: Primary sclerosing cholangitis
V. Krishna Chatterjee University of Cambridge
Medical School, Cambridge, UK
13.1: Principles of hormone action
Afzal Chaudhry Chief Clinical Information
Officer, Cambridge University Hospitals,
Cambridge, UK
2.5: Bioinformatics
K. Ray Chaudhuri National Parkinson Foundation
Centre of Excellence, King’s College, Denmark
Hill Campus, London, UK
24.7.2: Parkinsonism and other extrapyramidal
diseases
Patrick F. Chinnery University of Newcastle,
Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
24.19.5: Mitochondrial disease
Hector Chinoy University of Manchester,
Manchester, UK
19.11.5: Inflammatory myopathies
Peter L. Chiodini Hospital for Tropical Diseases,
University College London Hospitals,
London, UK
8.9.5: Gut and tissue nematode infections acquired
by ingestion
Rossa W.K. Chiu Choh-Ming Li Professor of
Chemical Pathology, Department of Chemical
Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong
Kong, Hong Kong, China
3.9: Circulating DNA for molecular diagnostics
Bruno B. Chomel School of Veterinary Medicine,
University of California, CA, USA
8.6.43: Bartonellas excluding B. bacilliformis
Robin P. Choudhury University of Oxford,
Oxford, UK
16.13.1: Biology and pathology of atherosclerosis
Julia Choy National Health Service, London, UK
18.4.5: Pulmonary complications of HIV infection
Lydia Chwastiak Department of Psychiatry and
Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington
School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
26.5.6: Depressive disorder
Andrew L. Clark Chair of Clinical Cardiology
and Honorary Consultant Cardiologist,
Hull York Medical School, Castle Hill Hospital,
Hull, UK
16.5.2: Acute cardiac failure: Definitions,
investigation, and management; 16.5.3: Chronic
heart failure: Definitions, investigation, and
management
Andrew Clegg Academic Unit of Elderly Care and
Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford
Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust,
Bradford, UK
6.2: Frailty and sarcopenia
John G.F. Cleland National Heart and Lung Institute,
Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals
Trust London, UK; Hull York Medical School,
University of Hull, Hull, UK
16.5.2: Acute cardiac failure: Definitions,
investigation, and management; 16.5.3 Chronic
heart failure: Definitions, investigation, and
management
Gavin Clunie Cambridge University Hospitals NHS
Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
20.5: Osteonecrosis, osteochondrosis, and
osteochondritis dissecans
S.M. Cobbe Previously Consultant Cardiologist,
Glasgow Royal Infirmary; former BHF Walton
Professor of Medical Cardiology, University of
Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
16.2.2: Syncope and palpitation
Fredric L. Coe The University of Chicago Medicine,
Chicago, IL, US
21.1: Structure and function of the kidney
Sian Coggle Consultant Physician, Cambridge
University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
30.1: Acute medical presentations; 30.2: Practical
procedures
Jon Cohen Brighton and Sussex Medical School,
Brighton, UK
8.2.4: Infection in the immunocompromised host
Contributors
xlix
Alasdair Coles Cambridge School of Clinical
Medicine, Cambridge, UK
24.10.2: Demyelinating disorders of the central
nervous system
Jane Collier Consultant Hepatologist, John Radcliffe
Hospital, Oxford, UK
8.5.22: Hepatitis C virus; 15.22.1: Investigation
and management of jaundice
Rory Collins Clinical Trial Service Unit and
Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), University
of Oxford, Oxford, UK
2.4: Large-scale randomized evidence: Trials and
meta-analyses of trials
Juan D. Colmenero Infectious Diseases
Service, Regional University Hospital,
Málaga, Spain
8.6.22: Brucellosis
Alastair Compston Department of Clinical
Neurosciences, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge, UK
24.1: Introduction and approach to the patient
with neurological disease
Juliet Compston University of Cambridge
School of Clinical Medicine and Cambridge
University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust,
Cambridge, UK
20.4: Osteoporosis
Philip G. Conaghan Leeds University,
Leeds, UK
19.9: Osteoarthritis
Christopher P. Conlon Professor of Infectious
Diseases, Nuffield Department of Medicine,
University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
8.4: Travel and expedition medicine; 8.5.23: HIV/
AIDS; 8.5.28: Molluscum contagiosum
Simon Conroy Department of Health Sciences,
University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
6.4: Older people and urgent care
Cyrus Cooper MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit,
University of Southampton, Southampton, UK;
NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre,
University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
20.4: Osteoporosis
John E. Cooper University of Cambridge,
Cambridge, UK
8.8.8: Sarcocystosis (sarcosporidiosis)
Robert Cooper University of Liverpool,
Liverpool, UK
19.11.5: Inflammatory myopathies
Mhairi Copland Professor of Translational
Haematology, Section of Experimental
Haematology, Paul O’Gorman Leukaemia
Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences,
College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences,
University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
22.3.4: Chronic myeloid leukaemia
Susan J. Copley Imperial College Healthcare NHS
Trust, London, UK
18.3.2: Thoracic imaging
Jeremy Cordingley Peri-Operative Medicine, St
Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, UK
17.5: Acute respiratory failure
Philip J. Cowen University of Oxford Department
of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
26.4.1: Psychopharmacology in medical practice
Timothy M. Cox Professor of Medicine Emeritus,
Director of Research, University of Cambridge;
Honorary Consultant Physician, Addenbrooke’s
Hospital, Cambridge, UK
1.1: An older patient’s story; 12.1: The inborn errors
of metabolism: General aspects; 12.3.1: Glycogen
storage diseases; 12.3.2: Inborn errors of fructose
metabolism; 12.3.3: Disorders of galactose, pentose,
and pyruvate metabolism; 12.5: The porphyrias;
12.7.1: Hereditary haemochromatosis;
12.8: Lysosomal disease; 13.11: The pineal gland
and melatonin; 15.10.5: Disaccharidase deficiency;
22.6.4: Iron metabolism and its disorders
S.E. Craig Oxford Sleep Unit, Churchill Hospital,
Oxford, UK
18.1.1: The upper respiratory tract
Matthew Cramp South West Liver Unit and
Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry,
Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, UK
8.5.21: Hepatitis viruses (excluding hepatitis
C virus)
Robin A.F. Crawford Addenbrooke’s Hospital,
Cambridge, UK
14.18: Malignant disease in pregnancy
Daniel Creamer King’s College Hospital,
London, UK
23.16: Cutaneous reactions to drugs
Tim Crook North Middlesex Hospital,
London, UK
5.7: Medical management of breast cancer
Paul Cullinan Faculty of Medicine, National Heart
and Lung Institute, Imperial College London,
London, UK
18.7: Asthma
Peter F. Currie Perth Royal Infirmary, Perth
and Ninewells Hospital and Medical School,
Dundee, UK
16.9.3: Cardiac disease in HIV infection
Nicola Curry Consultant Haematologist, Oxford
University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust,
Oxford Haemophilia and Thrombosis Centre,
Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
22.7.3: Thrombocytopenia and disorders of
platelet function
Goodarz Danaei Department of Global Health
and Population, Department of Epidemiology,
Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health,
Boston, MA, USA
16.13.2: Coronary heart disease: Epidemiology and
prevention
Christopher J. Danpure Emeritus Professor of
Molecular Cell Biology, University College
London, London, UK
12.10: Hereditary disorders of oxalate
metabolism: The primary hyperoxalurias
Bhaskar Dasgupta University of Essex, Essex, UK;
Anglia Ruskin University, East Anglia, UK;
Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation
Trust, Essex, UK
19.11.11: Polymyalgia rheumatica
Pooja Dassan Consultant Neurologist, Imperial
College Healthcare NHS Trust and London
North West University Healthcare NHS Trust,
London, UK
14.12: Neurological conditions in
pregnancy
Andrew Davenport Professor of Dialysis and ICU
Nephrology, UCL Department of Nephrology,
Royal Free Hospital, University College London,
London, UK
21.4: Clinical investigation of renal disease
Gail Davey Centre for Global Health Research,
Brighton and Sussex Medical School,
Brighton, UK
10.5: Podoconiosis
Alun Davies Imperial College School of Medicine,
London, UK
16.14.2: Peripheral arterial disease
Helen E. Davies University Hospital of Wales,
Cardiff, UK
18.19.4: Mediastinal tumours and cysts
R Justin Davies Consultant Colorectal Surgeon,
Cambridge Colorectal Unit, Addenbrooke’s
Hospital, Cambridge, UK
15.4.1: The acute abdomen
P.D.O. Davies Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital
NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
8.6.27: Disease caused by environmental
mycobacteria
R. Rhys Davies Cognitive Function Clinic, Walton
Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery,
Liverpool, UK
24.3.1: Lumbar puncture
Simon Davies Professor of Nephrology and Dialysis
Medicine, Institute for Science and Technology
in Medicine, Keele University, Keele; Consultant
Nephrologist, University Hospital of North
Midlands, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
21.7.2: Peritoneal dialysis
Richard Dawkins New College, University of
Oxford, Oxford, UK
2.2: Evolution: Medicine’s most basic science
Christopher P. Day Vice-Chancellor and
President, Newcastle University and Freeman
Hospital Liver Unit, Newcastle upon Tyne
Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle
upon Tyne, UK
15.24.2: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Nicholas P.J. Day Mahidol-Oxford Tropical
Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical
Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok,
Thailand; Nuffield Department of Clinical
Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
8.6.35: Leptospirosis; 8.6.41: Scrub typhus
Colin Dayan University of Cardiff, Wales, UK
13.9.1: Diabetes
Marc E. De Broe Professor of Medicine, Laboratory
of Pathophysiology, University of Antwerp,
Antwerp, Belgium
21.9.2: Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis
Kevin M. De Cock Center for Global Health, Atlanta,
GA, USA
8.5.24: HIV in low- and middle-income
countries
An S. De Vriese Division of Nephrology, AZ Sint-Jan
Brugge-Oostende AV, Brugge, Belgium
21.8.4: Membranous nephropathy
Patrick B. Deegan Consultant Metabolic Physician,
Lysosomal Disorders Unit, Cambridge University
Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
12.8 Lysosomal disease
Contributors
l
Christopher Deighton Royal Derby Hospital,
Derby, UK
19.2 Clinical presentation and diagnosis of
rheumatological disorders
David M. Denison Emeritus Professor of Clinical
Physiology, Royal Brompton Hospital and
Imperial College London, London, UK
10.2.4: Diving medicine
Christopher P. Denton Centre for Rheumatology,
Division of Medicine, University College London
(UCL) Medical School, Royal Free Hospital,
London, UK
19.11.3: Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma)
Ulrich Desselberger University of Cambridge,
Cambridge, UK
8.5.8: Enterovirus infections; 8.5.9: Virus
infections causing diarrhoea and vomiting
Patrick C. D’Haese Head of Laboratory of
Pathophysiology, University of Antwerp, Campus
Drie Eiken, Wilrijk, Belgium
21.9.2: Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis
Ashwin Dhanda Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust,
Plymouth, UK
8.5.21: Hepatitis viruses (excluding hepatitis
C virus)
Jugdeep Dhesi Guys and St Thomas’ Hospitals,
London, UK
6.6: Supporting older peoples’ care in surgical and
oncological services
Euan J. Dickson Consultant Pancreaticobiliary
Surgeon, West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit,
Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
15.26.1: Acute pancreatitis
Michael Doherty University of Nottingham,
Nottingham, UK
19.3: Clinical investigation; 19.10: Crystal-related
arthropathies
Inderjeet S. Dokal Barts and The London School
of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary
University of London, Barts Health NHS Trust,
London, UK
22.5.1: Inherited bone marrow failure
syndromes
Jan Donck Department of Nephrology, AZ Sint-
Lucas, Ghent, Belgium
21.10.4: The kidney in sarcoidosis
Arjen M. Dondorp Mahidol-Oxford Tropical
Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok,
Thailand
8.8.2: Malaria
Basil Donovan University of New South Wales,
NSW, Australia
8.6.37: Syphilis
Philip R. Dormitzer Pfizer Vaccine Research and
Development, Pearl River, NY, USA
8.5.9: Virus infections causing diarrhoea and
vomiting
Anne Dornhorst Imperial College Hospital,
London, UK
14.10: Diabetes in pregnancy
Charles G. Drake New York Presbyterian
and Columbia University Medical Center,
New York, USA
5.4: Cancer immunity and immunotherapy
Hal Drakesmith MRC Human Immunology Unit,
Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John
Radcliffe Hospital and University of Oxford,
Oxford, UK
22.6.5: Anaemia of inflammation
Christopher Dudley Consultant Nephrologist, The
Richard Bright Renal Unit, Southmead Hospital,
North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
16.14.3: Cholesterol embolism
Susanna Dunachie Oxford University Hospitals
NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
8.4: Travel and expedition medicine
Lisa Dunkley Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS
Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
19.12: Miscellaneous conditions presenting to the
rheumatologist
David Dunne University of Cambridge,
Cambridge, UK; Wellcome Trust-Cambridge,
Centre for Global Health Research, UK;
CAPREx, THRiVE-Cambridge, and
Cambridge-Africa
8.11.1: Schistosomiasis
Stephen R. Durham National Heart and Lung
Institute, Imperial College and Royal Brompton
Hospital, London, UK
18.6: Allergic rhinitis
Jeremy Dwight John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
16.2.1: Chest pain, breathlessness, and fatigue
Jessica K. Dyson Newcastle University and Liver Unit,
Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
15.23.3: Primary biliary cholangitis
Christopher P. Eades University College London,
London, UK
8.7.5: Pneumocystis jirovecii
Ian Eardley St James’s Hospital, Leeds, UK
13.6.4: Sexual dysfunction
James E. East Consultant Gastroenterologist,
Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John
Radcliffe Hospital; Associate Professor of
Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Nuffield
Department of Clinical Medicine, University of
Oxford, Oxford, UK
15.3.1: Colonoscopy and flexible
sigmoidoscopy; 15.3.2: Upper gastrointestinal
endoscopy
Lars Eckmann Department of Medicine, School of
Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La
Jolla, CA, USA
8.8.9: Giardiasis and balantidiasis
Michael Eddleston Pharmacology, Toxicology and
Therapeutics, Centre for Cardiovascular Science,
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
10.4.4: Poisonous plants
Mark J. Edwards St George’s University of London,
London, UK
24.7.1: Subcortical structures: The cerebellum,
basal ganglia, and thalamus
Richard Edwards School of Clinical Sciences,
University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
24.19.4: Metabolic and endocrine disorders
Rosalind A. Eeles The Institute of Cancer Research
and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust,
London, UK
5.3: The genetics of inherited cancers
Tim Eisen Department of Oncology, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Oncology
Early Clinical Development, AstraZeneca,
Cambridge, UK
5.2: The nature and development of cancer: Cancer
mutations and their implications; 5.5: Clinical
features and management; 21.18: Malignant
diseases of the urinary tract
Wagih El Masri(y) Keele University, Newcastle-
under-Lyme, UK; The Robert Jones and Agnes
Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, UK
24.13.2: Spinal cord injury and its management
Carole Eldin University Hospital Institute
Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
8.6.40: Rickettsioses
Perry Elliott St Bartholomew’s Hospital, London,
UK; Institute of Cardiovascular Science,
University College London, London, UK
16.7.2: The cardiomyopathies: Hypertrophic,
dilated, restrictive, and right ventricular;
16.7.3: Specific heart muscle disorders
Christopher J. Ellis Heart of England Foundation
Trust, Birmingham, UK; University of
Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
8.2.1: Clinical approach
Graham Ellis Monklands Hospital, Airdrie,
Lanarkshire, UK
6.5: Older people in hospital
Monique M. Elseviers Centre for Research and
Innovation in Care (CRIC), University of
Antwerp, Antwerp; Heymans Institute of
Clinical Pharmacology, Ghent University, Ghent,
Belgium
21.9.2: Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis
Caroline Elston Respiratory Medicine and Adult Cystic
Fibrosis, King’s College Hospital, London, UK
18.10: Cystic fibrosis
M.A. Epstein Nuffield Department of Clinical
Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
8.5.3: Epstein–Barr virus
Steve Epstein MedStar Georgetown University
Hospital and Georgetown University School of
Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
26.5.8: Anxiety disorders
Wendy N. Erber Medical School, Faculty of Health
and Medical Sciences, The University of Western
Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
22.2.2: Diagnostic techniques in the assessment of
haematological malignancies
Ari Ercole Neurosciences Critical Care Unit,
Cambridge University Hospitals NHS
Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
24.5.6: Brainstem death and prolonged disorders of
consciousness
Edzard Ernst Emeritus Professor, University of
Exeter, Exeter, UK
2.22: Complementary and alternative medicine
Andrew P. Evan Indiana University School of
Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
21.14: Disorders of renal calcium handling, urinary
stones, and nephrocalcinosis
Mark Evans University of Cambridge Medical
School, Cambridge, UK
13.9.2: Hypoglycaemia
Contributors
li
Rhys D. Evans Department of Physiology, Anatomy
and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
11.1 Nutrition: Macronutrient metabolism;
16.1.2: Cardiac physiology
Pamela Ewan Allergy Department, Cambridge
University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust,
Cambridge, UK
4.5: Allergy
David W. Eyre Nuffield Department of Clinical
Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe
Hospital, Oxford, UK
8.6.24 Clostridium difficile
Lynette D. Fairbanks Purine Research Laboratory,
Viapath, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK
12.4 Disorders of purine and pyrimidine
metabolism
Christopher G. Fairburn Oxford University
Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
26.5.10: Eating disorders
Carole Fakhry Johns Hopkins Medical Institution,
Baltimore, MD, USA
8.5.19: Papillomaviruses and polyomaviruses
Marie Fallon St Columba’s Hospice Chair of
Palliative Medicine, University of Edinburgh,
Edinburgh, UK
7.2: Pain management
Sonia Fargue University of Alabama at Birmingham,
Birmingham, AL, USA
12.10: Hereditary disorders of oxalate
metabolism: The primary hyperoxalurias
Adam D. Farmer Wingate Institute of
Neurogastroenterology, Blizard Institute, Barts
and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry,
Queen Mary University of London, London;
Department of Gastroenterology, University
Hospitals of North Midlands, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
15.13: Irritable bowel syndrome
I. Sadaf Farooqi Wellcome-MRC Institute of
Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, UK
11.6: Obesity
Jeremy Farrar Wellcome Trust, London, UK
2.17: Research in the developed world;
24.11.2: Viral infections
Ken Farrington Lister Hospital, East and North
Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Stevenage, UK
21.3: Clinical presentation of renal disease
Hiva Fassihi King’s College London,
London, UK
23.9: Photosensitivity
John Feehally Emeritus Consultant Nephrologist,
University Hospitals of Leicester; Honorary
Professor of Renal Medicine, University of
Leicester, Leicester, UK
21.8.1: Immunoglobulin A nephropathy and
IgA vasculitis (HSP); 21.8.2: Thin membrane
nephropathy
Peter J. Fenner School of Public Health, Tropical
Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, James
Cook University, Townsville, Qld, Australia
10.3.4: Drowning
Florence Fenollar Aix-Marseille Université,
URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198,
INSERM 1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection,
Marseille, France
15.10.6: Whipple’s disease
Javier Fernández Consultant Hepatologist, Head of
Liver ICU, Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic Barcelona;
Associate Professor, University of Barcelona
Medical School, Barcelona, Spain; Member of the
European Foundation for the Study of Chronic
Liver Failure (EF-CLIF)
15.22.2: Cirrhosis and ascites
Fernando C. Fervenza Professor of Medicine,
Division of Nephrology and Hypertension,
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester,
MN, USA
21.8.4: Membranous nephropathy
Sarah Fidler Professor of HIV Medicine, Imperial
College London, London, UK
8.5.23: HIV/AIDS
Richard E. Fielding Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals
NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon
Tyne, UK
21.3: Clinical presentation of renal disease
Roger G. Finch Nottingham University Hospitals,
NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
8.2.5: Antimicrobial chemotherapy
Simon Finney Peri-Operative Medicine, St
Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, UK
17.5: Acute respiratory failure
Helen V. Firth Addenbrookes Hospital Cambridge,
Cambridge, UK
24.20: Developmental abnormalities of the central
nervous system
John D. Firth Consultant Physician and
Nephrologist, Cambridge University
Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
16.16.1: Deep venous thrombosis and
pulmonary embolism; 16.17.1: Essential
hypertension: Definition, epidemiology,
and pathophysiology; 16.17.2: Essential
hypertension: Diagnosis, assessment, and
treatment; 16.19: Idiopathic oedema of women;
21.2.2: Disorders of potassium homeostasis;
21.5: Acute kidney injury; 21.7.3: Renal
transplantation; 30.1: Acute medical presentations;
30.2: Practical procedures
A.J. Fisher Professor of Respiratory Transplant
Medicine, Newcastle University Translational
and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle upon
Tyne, UK
18.16: Lung transplantation
Edward A. Fisher Departments of Medicine,
Pediatrics, and Cell Biology, Smilow Research
Centre, New York, NY, USA
16.13.1: Biology and pathology of atherosclerosis
Rebecca C. Fitzgerald Professor of Cancer Prevention
and MRC Programme Leader, MRC Cancer
Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC
Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
15.7: Diseases of the oesophagus
Michael E.B. FitzPatrick Department of
Gastroenterology, Oxford University
Hospitals, Oxford; Senior Research Fellow,
Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield
Department of Medicine, University of
Oxford, Oxford, UK
15.1: Structure and function of the
gastrointestinal tract
R. Andres Floto Molecular Immunity Unit,
Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge,
UK; Cambridge Centre for Lung Infection, Royal
Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
3.5: Intracellular signalling
Edward D. Folland University of Massachusetts
Medical School, MA, USA
16.3.4: Cardiac catheterization and angiography;
16.13.5: Percutaneous interventional cardiac
procedures
D. de Fonseka Academic Respiratory Unit,
University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
18.17: Pleural diseases
Carole Foot Royal North Shore Hospital, NSW,
Australia
17.1: The seriously ill or deteriorating patient
Alastair Forbes Norwich Medical School, University
of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
15.10.1: Differential diagnosis and investigation of
malabsorption
Ewan Forrest Consultant Hepatologist and Honorary
Clinical Associate Professor, Department of
Gastroenterology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary and
the University of Glasgow, Glasgow UK
15.24.1: Alcoholic liver disease
Rob Fowkes Royal Veterinary College,
London, UK
13.1: Principles of hormone action
Keith A.A. Fox Centre for Cardiovascular Science,
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
16.13.4: Management of acute coronary
syndrome
Stephen Franks Imperial College London,
London, UK
13.6.1: Ovarian disorders
Keith N. Frayn Radcliffe Department of Medicine,
University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
11.1: Nutrition: Macronutrient metabolism
Patrick French Mortimer Market Centre,
Central and North West London NHS Trust,
London, UK; University College London,
London, UK
9.6: Genital ulceration
Izzet Fresko Division of Rheumatology, Department
of Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty,
University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
19.11.10: Behçet’s syndrome
Peter S. Friedmann Emeritus Professor of
Dermatology, University of Southampton,
Southampton, UK
23.6: Dermatitis/eczema
Charlotte Frise Obstetric Medicine and Acute
General Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals
NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
14.20: Prescribing in pregnancy
Susannah J.A. Froude Consultant Microbiology
and Infectious Diseases, Public Health Wales,
Cardiff, UK
8.5.29: Newly discovered viruses
Stephen J. Fuller Associate Professor, Medicine
Sydney Medical School Nepean, The University of
Sydney, Sydney, Australia
22.6.8: Anaemias resulting from defective
maturation of red cells
David A. Gabbott Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS
Foundation Trust, Gloucester, UK
17.2: Cardiac arrest
Contributors
lii
Simon M. Gabe Consultant Gastroenterologist,
Intestinal Failure and Academic Unit, St Mark’s
Hospital, London, UK
15.10.7: Effects of massive bowel resection
Patrick G. Gallagher Professor of Pediatrics,
Genetics and Pathology, Yale University, New
Haven, CT, USA
22.6.9: Disorders of the red cell membrane
Shreyans Gandhi King’s College Hospital/King’s
College London, London, UK
22.5.2: Acquired aplastic anaemia and pure red
cell aplasia
Hector H. Garcia Center for Global Health, Tumbes
and Department of Microbiology, Universidad
Peruana Cayetano Heredia, and Cysticercosis
Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurologicas,
Lima, Peru
8.10.2: Cystic hydatid disease (Echinococcus
granulosus); 8.10.3: Cysticercosis
Hill Gaston University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
19.8: Reactive arthritis
Rupert Gauntlett Critical Care Medicine and
Obstetric Anaesthesia, Royal Victoria Infirmary,
Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust,
Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
14.19: Maternal critical care
John Geddes University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
26.5.7: Bipolar disorder
William Gelson Consultant Hepatologist,
Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplant Unit,
Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
15.20: Structure and function of the liver, biliary
tract, and pancreas
Jacob George Department of Clinical
Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of
Dundee, Dundee, UK
6.7: Drugs and prescribing in the older patient
G.J. Gibson Newcastle University, Newcastle upon
Tyne, UK
18.3.1: Respiratory function tests
John Gibson Professor of Oral Medicine and Honorary
Consultant in Oral Medicine, Institute of Dentistry,
School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition,
University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
15.6: The mouth and salivary glands
J. van Gijn University Medical Center Utrecht,
Utrecht, the Netherlands
24.10.1 Stroke: Cerebrovascular disease
Ian Giles Centre for Rheumatology, Department of
Medicine, University College London, London, UK
19.11.1: Introduction
Robert H. Gilman Johns Hopkins University,
Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore,
MD, USA
8.10.3: Cysticercosis
Alexander Gimson Consultant Hepatologist,
Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplant Unit,
Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
15.19: Miscellaneous disorders of the bowel;
15.20: Structure and function of the liver, biliary
tract, and pancreas;
15.24.4: Vascular disorders of the liver
Matthew R. Ginks Oxford University Hospitals NHS
Trust, Oxford, UK
16.4: Cardiac arrhythmias
D.S. Giovanniello Medical Director, American Red
Cross, Biomedical Services, Connecticut Blood
Services Region, Farmington, CT, USA
22.8.1: Blood transfusion
Mark A. Glover Hyperbaric Medicine Unit, St
Richard’s Hospital, Chichester, UK
10.2.4: Diving medicine
Peter J. Goadsby NIHR-Wellcome Trust King’s
Clinical Research Facility, King’s College London,
London, UK
24.8: Headache
David Goldblatt University College London,
London, UK
8.3: Immunization
Armando E. Gonzalez Center for Global Health,
Tumbes, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia,
and Department of Veterinary Epidemiology
and Economics, School of Veterinary Medicine,
Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos,
Lima, Peru
8.10.2: Cystic hydatid disease (Echinococcus
granulosus)
E.C. Gordon-Smith Professor of Haematology,
St George’s Hospital, University of London,
London, UK
22.8.2: Haemopoietic stem cell transplantation
Martin Gore† The Royal Marsden, London, UK;
The Institute of Cancer Research, University of
London, London, UK
5.5: Clinical features and management
Eduardo Gotuzzo Universidad Peruana Cayetano
Heredia, Lima, Peru
8.5.25: HTLV-1, HTLV-2, and associated
diseases
Philip Goulder University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
8.5.23: HIV/AIDS
Alison D. Grant Department of Clinical Research,
London School of Hygiene and Tropical
Medicine, London, UK
8.5.24: HIV in low- and middle-income
countries
Cameron C. Grant The University of Auckland, New
Zealand; Starship Children’s Health, Auckland,
New Zealand
8.6.15: Bordetella infection
David Gray Department of Cardiovascular
Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS
Trust, Nottingham, UK
16.3.1: Electrocardiography
Richard Gray Clinical Trial Service Unit and
Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), University
of Oxford, Oxford, UK
2.4: Large-scale randomized evidence: Trials and
meta-analyses of trials
John R. Graybill Department of Medicine,
University of Texas Health Science Center at San
Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
8.7.3: Coccidioidomycosis
Darren Green Division of Cardiovascular
Sciences, University of Manchester,
Manchester, UK
16.5.4: Cardiorenal syndrome
Manfred S. Green Hyperbaric Medicine Unit, St
Richard’s Hospital, Chichester, UK
10.3.9: Bioterrorism
Christopher D. Gregory University of Edinburgh
Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s
Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
3.6: Apoptosis in health and disease
Christopher E.M. Griffiths Salford Royal NHS
Foundation Trust, University of Manchester,
Manchester, UK
23.5: Papulosquamous disease
Karolina Griffiths University Hospital
Institute Méditerranée Infection,
Marseille, France
8.6.40: Rickettsioses
Mark Griffiths Peri-Operative Medicine, St
Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, UK; Imperial
College London, London, UK
17.5: Acute respiratory failure
William J.H. Griffiths Consultant Hepatologist,
Department of Hepatology, Addenbrooke’s
Hospital, Cambridge, UK
12.7.1: Hereditary haemochromatosis;
15.24.6: Primary and secondary liver tumours
J.P. Grünfeld Hôpital Universitaire Necker, Paris,
France
21.12: Renal involvement in genetic disease
D.J. Gubler Director, Program on Emerging
Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Graduate
Medical School, Singapore; Asian Pacific
Institute of Tropical Medicine and Infectious
Diseases, University of Hawaii, Honolulu
8.5.12: Alphaviruses
Richard L. Guerrant Center for Global Health,
School of Medicine, University of Virginia,
VA, USA
8.6.12: Cholera
Kaushik Guha Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust,
Portsmouth, UK
16.5.1: Epidemiology and general
pathophysiological classification of
heart failure
Nishan Guha Oxford University Hospitals NHS
Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
29.1: The use of biochemical analysis for diagnosis
and management
Loïc Guillevin Department of Internal Medicine,
National Referral Center for Rare Autoimmune
and Systemic Diseases, INSERM U1060,
Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique–
Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris Descartes,
Paris, France
19.11.8: Polyarteritis nodosa
Mark Gurnell University of Cambridge Medical
School, Cambridge, UK
13.1: Principles of hormone action;
13.5.1 Disorders of the adrenal cortex
Oliver P. Guttmann St Bartholomew’s Hospital,
London, UK; Institute of Cardiovascular
Science, University College London,
London, UK
16.7.2: The cardiomyopathies: Hypertrophic,
dilated, restrictive, and right ventricular;
16.7.3: Specific heart muscle disorders
Robert D.M. Hadden Consultant Neurologist,
King’s College Hospital, London, UK
24.12: Disorders of cranial nerves;
24.16: Diseases of the peripheral nerves
† It is with great regret that we report that Martin Gore died on 10 January, 2019.
Contributors
liii
Zara Haider Kingston Hospital NHS Trust,
Surrey, UK
9.9: Principles of contraception
Sophie Hambleton Institute of Cellular Medicine,
Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle
upon Tyne, UK; Paediatric Immunology and
Infectious Diseases, Great North Children’s
Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
4.4: Immunodeficiency
Freddie C. Hamdy Nuffield Department of
Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford,
Oxford, UK
21.18: Malignant diseases of the
urinary tract
Michael G. Hanna National Hospital for
Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square,
London, UK
24.19.1: Structure and function of muscle
David M. Hansell Faculty of Medicine, National
Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College
London, London, UK
18.3.2: Thoracic imaging
Danielle Harari Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospitals and
King’s College London, London, UK
6.9: Bladder and bowels
Kate Hardy Faculty of Medicine, Department of
Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London,
London, UK
13.6.1: Ovarian disorders
Karen E. Harman Department of Dermatology,
University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust,
Leicester, UK
23.7: Cutaneous vasculitis, connective tissue
diseases, and urticaria
Peter Harper London Oncology Centre,
London, UK
5.6: Systemic treatment and radiotherapy;
5.7: Medical management of breast cancer
Steve Harper Consultant Renal and Transplant
Medicine, Southmead Hospital, Bristol;
Honorary Professor, School of Physiology,
Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University
of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Honorary Professor,
School of Medicine, University of Exeter,
Exeter, UK
21.1: Structure and function of the kidney
James L. Harrison London Deanery, London, UK
16.9.2: Endocarditis
Tina Hartert Division of Pulmonary and Critical
Care, Vanderbilt University Medical Center,
Nashville, TN, USA
14.8: Chest diseases in pregnancy
Christine Hartmann Institute of Musculoskeletal
Medicine, University of Münster, Münster,
Germany
19.1: Joints and connective tissue—structure and
function
Nicholas C. Harvey MRC Lifecourse
Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton,
Southampton, UK
20.4: Osteoporosis
Rowan Harwood Nottingham University Hospitals
NHS Trust and University of Nottingham,
Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
6.5: Older people in hospital
Helen Hatcher Consultant Medical Oncologist,
Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
20.6: Bone cancer
Chris Hatton Cancer and Haematology Centre,
Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
22.1: Introduction to
haematology; 22.3.9: Histiocytosis;
22.6.2: Anaemia: Pathophysiology, classification,
and clinical features
Philip N. Hawkins Professor of Medicine, National
Amyloidosis Centre, Centre for Amyloidosis and
Acute Phase Proteins, University College London,
London, UK
12.12.2 Hereditary periodic fever syndromes;
12.12.3 Amyloidosis
Keith Hawton Centre for Suicide Research,
University of Oxford Department of Psychiatry,
Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
26.3.2: Self-harm
Deborah Hay Honorary Consultant Haematologist,
Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of
Oxford, Oxford, UK
22.6.7: Disorders of the synthesis or function of
haemoglobin; 22.6.9: Disorders of the red cell
membrane
Roderick J. Hay King’s College London,
London, UK
8.6.31: Nocardiosis; 8.7.1: Fungal infections;
23.6: Dermatitis/eczema; 23.10: Infections of
the skin; 23.12: Blood and lymphatic vessel
disorders
Peter Hayes Professor of Hepatology, Liver Unit,
University of Edinburgh; and Royal Infirmary of
Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
15.22.3: Portal hypertension and variceal
bleeding
Catherine E.G. Head Consultant Cardiologist,
Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust,
London, UK
14.6: Heart disease in pregnancy
Eugene Healy Dermatopharmacology,
Southampton General Hospital, University
of Southampton, UK
23.8: Disorders of pigmentation
Nick Heather Department of Psychology, Faculty
of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria
University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
26.6.1: Brief interventions for excessive alcohol
consumption
David W. Hecht Loyola University Health System,
IL, USA
8.6.11: Anaerobic bacteria
Thomas Hellmark Department of Clinical Sciences,
Lund University, Lund, Sweden
21.8.7: Antiglomerular basement membrane
disease
Michael Heneghan Professor of Hepatology and
Consultant Hepatologist, Institute of Liver
Studies, King’s College Hospital, London, UK
14.9: Liver and gastrointestinal diseases of
pregnancy
Michael Henein Umeå University, Sweden; Canterbury
Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK
16.6: Valvular heart disease; 16.8: Pericardial
disease
Martin F. Heyworth Department of Medicine,
Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
8.8.9: Giardiasis and balantidiasis
Liz Hickson Royal North Shore Hospital, NSW,
Australia
17.1: The seriously ill or deteriorating
patient
Tran Tinh Hien Oxford University Clinical Research
Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi
Minh City, Vietnam
8.6.1: Diphtheria
Katherine A. High Professor of Pediatrics Emerita,
Perelman School of Medicine, University
of Pennsylvania, Children’s Hospital of
Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; President
and Head of R&D, Spark Therapeutics,
Philadelphia, PA, USA
22.7.4: Genetic disorders of coagulation
Ingeborg Hilderson Department of Medical
Oncology, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent,
Belgium
21.10.4: The kidney in sarcoidosis
Tom R. Hill Population Health Sciences
Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle
upon Tyne, UK
11.2: Vitamins
David Hilton-Jones Muscular Dystrophy
Campaign, Muscle and Nerve Centre,
Department of Clinical Neurology, John
Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
24.18: Disorders of the neuromuscular junction;
24.19.3: Myotonia; 24.19.4 Metabolic and
endocrine disorders
Matthew Hind Royal Brompton Hospital
and National Heart and Lung Institute,
Imperial College School of Medicine,
London, UK
18.5.1: Upper airway obstruction; 18.5.2: Sleep-
related breathing disorders
John Hindle Betsi Cadwaladr University Health
Board, Llandudno Hospital; School of
Psychology, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
6.10: Neurodegenerative disorders in
older people
N. Hirani Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK
18.11.2: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Gideon M. Hirschfield Lily and Terry Horner
Chair in Autoimmune Liver Disease Research,
Toronto Centre for Liver Disease,
Department of Medicine, University of
Toronto, Toronto General Hospital,
Toronto, Canada
15.23.2: Autoimmune hepatitis
Sarah Hobdey Veterans Medical Hospital, Boise,
ID, USA
8.6.2: Streptococci and enterococci
Herbert Hof MVZ Labor Limbach, Heidelberg,
Germany
8.6.38: Listeriosis
A.V. Hoffbrand Emeritus Professor of Haematology,
University College, London, UK
22.6.6: Megaloblastic anaemia and miscellaneous
deficiency anaemias
Contributors
liv
Ronald Hoffman Albert A. and Vera G. List,
Professor of Medicine, Division of Hematology/
Oncology; Director, Myeloproliferative Disorders
Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Department of
Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount
Sinai, New York, NY, USA
22.3.5: The polycythaemias; 22.3.6: Thrombocytosis
and essential thrombocythaemia
Georg F. Hoffmann Department of General Pediatrics,
University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
12.2 Protein-dependent inborn errors of metabolism
Tessa L. Holyoake† Professor of Experimental
Haematology, Section of Experimental
Haematology, Paul O’Gorman Leukaemia
Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences,
College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences,
University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
22.3.4: Chronic myeloid leukaemia
Roel Hompes Consultant Colorectal Surgeon,
Academic Medical Centre Amsterdam,
University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
15.14: Colonic diverticular disease
Tony Hope St Cross College, University of Oxford,
Oxford, UK
1.5: Medical ethics
Julian Hopkin Medicine and Health, School of
Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
18.2: The clinical presentation of respiratory
disease
P. Hopkins Medical Director, Queensland Lung
Transplant Service, Chermside, Qld, Australia
18.16: Lung transplantation
Nicholas S. Hopkinson National Heart and Lung
Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
18.8: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Patrick Horner Population Health Sciences,
University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
8.6.45: Chlamydial infections; 9.5: Urethritis
Bala Hota Rush University, Chicago, IL USA
8.6.4: Staphylococci
Andrew R. Houghton Grantham and District
Hospital, Grantham, UK; University of Lincoln,
Lincoln, UK
16.3.1: Electrocardiography
Robert A. Huddart The Institute of Cancer Research,
London, UK
21.18: Malignant diseases of the urinary tract
Harriet C. Hughes Consultant Microbiology
and Infectious Diseases, Public Health Wales,
Cardiff, UK
8.5.29: Newly discovered viruses
Ieuan A. Hughes University of Cambridge,
Cambridge, UK
13.5.2: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
James H. Hull The Royal Brompton Hospital,
London, UK
18.5.1: Upper airway obstruction
Adam Hurlow Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust,
Leeds, UK
7.4: Care of the dying person
Jane A. Hurst Great Ormond Street Hospital,
London, UK
24.20: Developmental abnormalities of the central
nervous system
Alastair Hutchison Medical Director and Professor
of Renal Medicine, Dorset County Hospital,
Dorchester, UK
21.6: Chronic kidney disease
Peter J. Hutchinson University of Cambridge,
Cambridge, UK
24.5.6: Brainstem death and prolonged disorders of
consciousness
Steve Iliffe Research Department of Primary Care
and Population Health, University College
London, London, UK
6.3: Optimizing well-being into old age
Lawrence Impey Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine,
The Women’s Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital,
Oxford, UK
14.16: Fetal effects of maternal infection
Jakko van Ingen Radboud University Medical
Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
8.6.27: Disease caused by environmental
mycobacteria
Peter Irving Department of Gastroenterology,
Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust,
London, UK
15.12: Ulcerative colitis
John D. Isaacs Faculty of Medical Sciences,
Newcastle University and Musculoskeletal Unit,
Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation
Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
2.7 Biological therapies for immune,
inflammatory, and allergic diseases;
19.5: Rheumatoid arthritis
David A. Isenberg Centre for Rheumatology,
Department of Medicine, University College
London, London, UK
19.11.1: Introduction; 19.11.2: Systemic lupus
erythematosus and related disorders
Theodore J. Iwashyna Department of Internal
Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
MI, USA; Center for Clinical Management
Research, Department of Veterans Affairs,
Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Australian and New
Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre,
Department of Epidemiology and Preventive
Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic,
Australia
17.12: Persistent problems and recovery after
critical illness
Arnaud Jaccard Service d’hématologie clinique et
de thérapie cellulaire, CHU de Limoges—Hôpital
Dupuytren, Limoges, France
21.10.5: Renal involvement in plasma cell
dyscrasias, immunoglobulin-based amyloidoses,
and fibrillary glomerulopathies, lymphomas, and
leukaemias
Alan A. Jackson Southampton General Hospital,
Southampton, UK
11.4: Severe malnutrition
Thomas Jackson Queen Elizabeth Hospital,
Birmingham, UK
26.3.1: Confusion
Anu Jacob National Neuromyelitis Optica Service,
Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery,
Liverpool, UK
24.13.1: Diseases of the spinal cord
Caron A. Jacobson Division of Hematologic
Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute,
Boston, MA, USA
22.4.1: Introduction to lymphopoiesis
N. Asger Jakobsen Clinical Research Fellow, MRC
Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute
of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of
Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
22.2.1: Cellular and molecular basis of
haematopoiesis
Rajiv Jalan Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver
and Digestive Health, University College London,
Royal Free Campus, London, UK
15.22.5: Liver failure
Hannah Jarvis Respiratory Medicine, St Mary’s
Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust,
London, UK
18.4.4: Mycobacteria
M.K. Javaid Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics,
Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences,
Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Orthopaedic
Centre, Oxford, UK
20.1: Skeletal disorders—general approach and
clinical conditions
David Jayne Professor of Clinical Autoimmunity,
Department of Medicine, School of Clinical
Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
19.11.7: ANCA-associated vasculitis; 21.10.2: The
kidney in systemic vasculitis
Susan Jebb Nuffield Department of Primary
Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford,
Oxford, UK
26.6.2: Obesity and weight management
Katie J.M. Jeffery Oxford University Hospitals NHS
Foundation Trust, Department of Microbiology,
John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
8.5.22: Hepatitis C virus
Rajesh Jena Cambridge University Hospitals,
Cambridge, UK
5.6: Systemic treatment and radiotherapy
Tom Jenkins University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
24.15: The motor neuron diseases
Jørgen Skov Jensen Microbiology and Infection
Control, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen,
Denmark
8.6.46: Mycoplasmas
Vivekanand Jha Executive Director, The George
Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India;
Professor of Nephrology, University of Oxford,
Oxford, UK
21.11: Renal diseases in the tropics
Tingliang Jiang Professor, Department of
Pharmacology, Institute of Chinese Materia
Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical
Sciences, Beijing, China
2.8: Traditional medicine exemplified by
traditional Chinese medicine
Alexis J. Joannides University of Cambridge,
Cambridge, UK
3.7: Stem cells and regenerative medicine
Anne M. Johnson Centre for Molecular Epidemiology
and Translational Research, Institute for Global
Health, University College London, London, UK
9.2: Sexual behaviour
† It is with great regret that we report that Tessa L. Holyoake died on 30 August, 2017.
Contributors
lv
Colin Johnson Emeritus Professor of Surgical Sciences,
University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
15.15: Diseases of the gallbladder and biliary tree
M.R. Johnson Professor of Neurology and Genomic
Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Department of
Brain Sciences, Imperial College, London, UK
24.5.1: Epilepsy in later childhood and adulthood
Elaine Jolly University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
30.1: Acute medical presentations; 30.2: Practical
procedures
D. Joly Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
21.12: Renal involvement in genetic disease
Bryony Jones Imperial College Hospital, London, UK
14.10: Diabetes in pregnancy
David E.J. Jones Institute of Cellular Medicine,
Newcastle University and Liver Unit, Freeman
Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
15.23.3: Primary biliary cholangitis
Bouke de Jong Institute of Tropical Medicine,
Antwerp, Belgium
8.6.29: Buruli ulcer: Mycobacterium ulcerans infection
Menno De Jong Department of Medical Microbiology,
Academic Medical Center, University of
Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
24.11.2: Viral infections
Iain Jordan Oxford University Hospitals NHS
Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
26.5.13: Personality disorders
Emil Kakkis Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc.,
Novato, CA, USA
2.9: Engaging patients in therapeutic development
Philip A. Kalra Consultant and Honorary Professor
of Nephrology, Department of Renal Medicine,
Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
16.5.4 Cardiorenal syndrome;
21.10.10: Atherosclerotic renovascular disease
Eileen Kaner Institute of Health and Society,
Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
26.6.1: Brief interventions for excessive alcohol
consumption
Theodoros Karamitos Division of Cardiovascular
Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine,
University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital,
Oxford, UK
16.3.3: Cardiac investigations: Nuclear,
MRI, and CT
Niki Karavitaki Queen Elizabeth Hospital,
Birmingham, UK
13.2.1: Disorders of the anterior pituitary
gland; 13.2.2: Disorders of the posterior
pituitary gland
Steven B. Karch Consultant in Cardiac Pathology
and Toxicology, Berkeley, CA, USA
27.1: Forensic and legal medicine
Fiona E. Karet Cambridge University Hospitals NHS
Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
21.15: The renal tubular acidoses
Arthur Kaser Division of Gastroenterology and
Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University
of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital,
Cambridge, UK
15.5: Immune disorders of the
gastrointestinal tract
David Kavanagh Institute of Genetic Medicine,
Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
21.10.6: Haemolytic uraemic syndrome
Fiona Kearney Nottingham University Hospitals
Trust, Nottingham, UK
6.8: Falls, faints, and fragility fractures
David Keeling Oxford Haemophilia and Thrombosis
Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
16.16.2: Therapeutic anticoagulation
Andrew Kelion Oxford University Hospitals NHS
Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
16.3.3: Cardiac investigations: Nuclear,
MRI, and CT
Julia Kelly Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS
Trust, London, UK
18.5.2: Sleep-related breathing disorders
Paul Kelly Professor of Tropical Gastroenterology,
Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School
of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London,
London, UK; TROPGAN Group, Department of
Internal Medicine, University of Zambia School
of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
8.8.6: Cyclospora and cyclosporiasis
David P. Kelsell London Medical School,
London, UK
23.3: Inherited skin disease
Samuel Kemp Royal Brompton Hospital,
London, UK
18.2: The clinical presentation of respiratory
disease
Christopher Kennard Nuffield Department of
Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford,
Oxford, UK
24.1: Introduction and approach to the patient
with neurological disease; 24.6.1: Visual pathways
Richard S.C. Kerr Oxford University Hospitals NHS
Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
24.11.3: Intracranial abscesses
Satish Keshav† Department of Gastroenterology,
Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation
Trust, Oxford; Professor of Gastroenterology,
Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield
Department of Medicine, University of Oxford,
Oxford, UK
15.1: Structure and function of the
gastrointestinal tract
Nigel S. Key Harold R. Roberts Professor of Medicine,
Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of
North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
22.7.1: The biology of haemostasis and thrombosis
Rajesh K. Kharbanda John Radcliffe Hospital,
Oxford, UK
16.13.4: Management of acute coronary syndrome
Elham Khatamzas Regional Infectious Diseases
Unit, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
8.2.4: Infection in the immunocompromised host
Peng T. Khaw Professor and Consultant Ophthalmic
Surgeon; Director of Research, Development
and Innovation; Director, NIHR Biomedical
Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital
NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of
Ophthalmology, London, UK
25.1: The eye in general medicine
B. Khoo University College London, London, UK
13.8: Pancreatic endocrine disorders and multiple
endocrine neoplasia;
15.9.2: Carcinoid syndrome
Nine V.A.M. Knoers Professor in Clinical Genetics,
Department of Genetics, University Medical
Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
21.16: Disorders of tubular electrolyte handling
Stefan Kölker Consultant, Pediatric Metabolic
Medicine, University Children’s Hospital,
Heidelberg; Department of General Pediatrics,
Division of Inborn Metabolic Diseases,
Heidelberg, Germany
12.2 Protein-dependent inborn errors of
metabolism
Nils P. Krone University of Sheffield,
Sheffield, UK
13.5.2: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Narong Khuntikeo Director, Cholangiocarcinoma
Research Institute (CARI), Director,
Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care
Program (CASCAP), Faculty of Medicine, Khon
Kaen University, Thailand; Faculty of Medicine,
Khon Kaen University, Thailand; Associate
Professor, Department of Surgery, Faculty of
Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
8.11.2: Liver fluke infections
Gudula Kirtschig Tübingen, Germany
14.13: The skin in pregnancy
Suzanne Kite Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust,
Leeds, UK
7.4: Care of the dying person
John L. Klein Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation
Trust, London, UK
16.9.2: Endocarditis
Paul Klenerman Nuffield Department of Medicine,
University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
4.3: Adaptive immunity; 8.5.22: Hepatitis
C virus
Richard Knight Department of Microbiology,
University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
8.8.1: Amoebic infections; 8.8.10: Blastocystis
infection; 8.9.2: Lymphatic filariasis;
8.9.3: Guinea worm disease (dracunculiasis);
8.9.6: Angiostrongyliasis; 8.10.1: Cestodes
(tapeworms)
David Koh PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences,
Universiti Brunei Darussalam, SSH School of
Public Health, National University of Singapore,
Singapore
10.2.5: Noise
G.C.K.W. Koh Diseases of the Developing
World, Alternative Drug Development,
GlaxoSmithKline, UK
8.6.8: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
M.A. Kokosi Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS
Trust, London, UK
18.11.4: The lung in autoimmune rheumatic
disorders
Onn Min Kon Respiratory Medicine, St Mary’s
Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust,
London, UK; National Heart and Lung Institute,
Imperial College London, London, UK
18.4.4: Mycobacteria
† It is with great regret that we report that Satish Keshav died on 23 January, 2019.
Contributors
lvi
Adelheid Korb-Pap Institute of Experimental
Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital
Münster, Münster, Germany
19.1: Joints and connective tissue—structure and
function
Vasilis Kouranos Royal Brompton and Harefield
NHS Trust, London, UK
18.11.3: Bronchiolitis obliterans and cryptogenic
organizing pneumonia
Christian Krarup Region Hovedstaden, Denmark
24.3.2: Electrophysiology of the central and
peripheral nervous systems
Amy S. Kravitz United States Agency for
International Development (USAID),
Washington DC, USA
2.21: Humanitarian medicine
Dinakantha S. Kumararatne Depatment of Clinical
Immunology, Cambridge University Hospitals
NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
4.4: Immunodeficiency
Om P. Kurmi Hyperbaric Medicine Unit,
St Richard’s Hospital, Chichester, UK
10.3.1: Air pollution and health
Robert A. Kyle Professor of Medicine, Division of
Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
22.4.6: Plasma cell myeloma and related
monoclonal gammopathies
Peter L. Labib Clinical Research Fellow, Institute
for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal
Free Campus, University College London,
London, UK
15.16: Cancers of the gastrointestinal tract
Charles J.N. Lacey Hull York Medical School,
University of York, York, UK
9.7: Anogenital lumps and bumps
Helen J. Lachmann Senior Lecturer, National
Amyloidosis Centre and Centre for Acute Phase
Proteins, University College London Medical
School, London, UK
12.12.2: Hereditary periodic fever syndromes
Robin H. Lachmann Consultant in Inherited
Metabolic Disease, Charles Dent Metabolic
Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and
Neurosurgery, London, UK
12.3.1: Glycogen storage diseases
Ralph Lainson† Ex Director, the Wellcome Parisitology
Unit, and research-worker, Department of
Parasitology, Instiuto Evandro Chagas, Rodovia,
Barro Levilầndia, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
8.8.6: Cyclospora and cyclosporiasis
Kin Bong Hubert Lam University of Oxford,
Oxford, UK
10.3.1: Air pollution and health
D.A. Lane Faculty of Medicine, Department of
Medicine, Imperial College London,
London, UK
16.4: Cardiac arrhythmias
Peter C. Lanyon Nottingham University Hospitals
Trust, Nottingham, UK
19.3: Clinical investigation
Andrew J. Larner Cognitive Function Clinic,
Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery,
Liverpool, UK
24.3.1: Lumbar puncture; 24.5.4: Syncope;
24.13.1: Diseases of the spinal cord
Malcolm Law Wolfson Institute of Preventive
Medicine, St Bartholomew’s and the Royal
London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen
Mary University of London, London, UK
2.12 Medical screening
Tim Lawrence Nuffield Department of Clinical
Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
24.10.3: Traumatic brain injury;
24.11.3: Intracranial abscesses
Stephen M. Lawrie Division of Psychiatry,
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
26.5.11: Schizophrenia
Alison M. Layton Harrogate and District NHS
Foundation Trust, Harrogate, UK
23.11: Sebaceous and sweat gland disorders
James W. Le Duc Galveston National Laboratory,
University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston,
TX, USA
8.5.16: Bunyaviridae
Susannah Leaver St George’s NHS Foundation
Trust, London, UK
17.5: Acute respiratory failure
Y.C. Gary Lee Faculty of Health and Medical
Sciences, UWA Medical School, University of
Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
18.17: Pleural diseases; 18.19.3 Pleural tumours;
18.19.4 Mediastinal tumours and cysts
Haur Yueh Lee National Heart Centre Singapore,
Singapore, China; Kings Drugs Reaction Group,
King’s College London, London, UK
23.16: Cutaneous reactions to drugs
Richard W.J. Lee Director, Uveitis and Scleritis Service,
National Institute for Health Research Biomedical
Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS
Foundation Trust and University College London
Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
25.1: The eye in general medicine
Evelyne de Leeuw Centre for Health Equity
Training, Research and Evaluation, UNSW
Sydney, South Western Sydney Local Health
District, Ingham Institute, Australia
2.13: Health promotion
Yee-Sin Leo National Centre for Infectious Disease,
Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin
School of Medicine and Saw Swee Hock School of
Public Health, National University of Singapore,
Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine,
Singapore
8.5.15: Dengue
Phillip D. Levin Intensive Care Unit, Shaare Zedek
Medical Center, Jerusalem, Hebrew University of
Jerusalem, Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
17.10: Palliative and end-of-life care in the ICU
Elena N. Levtchenko Professor in Pediatric Nephrology,
Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, the Netherlands
21.16: Disorders of tubular electrolyte handling
Su Li Department of Epidemiology, Guangxi
Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
5.7: Medical management of breast cancer
Fulong Liao Professor, Biomechanopharmacology,
Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China
Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,
Beijing, China
2.8: Traditional medicine exemplified by
traditional Chinese medicine
Ted Liao MedStar Georgetown University Hospital
and Georgetown University School of Medicine,
Washington DC, USA
26.5.8: Anxiety disorders
Oliver Liesenfeld Roche Molecular Systems,
Pleasanton, CA, USA
8.8.4: Toxoplasmosis
Liz Lightstone, Professor of Renal Medicine,
Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Faculty
of Medicine, Imperial College London,
London, UK
21.10.3: The kidney in rheumatological disorders
Wei Shen Lim Consultant Respiratory Physician and
Honorary Professor of Medicine, Nottingham
University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of
Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
18.4.2: Pneumonia in the normal host;
18.4.3: Nosocomial pneumonia
Aldo A.M. Lima Biomedicine Center and
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology,
School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará,
Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
8.6.12: Cholera
Gregory Y.H. Lip Liverpool Centre for
Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool
and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital,
Liverpool, UK; Aalborg Thrombosis Research
Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg
University, Aalborg, Denmark
16.4: Cardiac arrhythmias; 16.17.5: Hypertensive
urgencies and emergencies
Mark A. Little Professor of Nephrology and
Consultant Nephrologist, Trinity Health Kidney
Centre, Trinity College Dublin; Tallaght and
Beaumont Hospitals, Dublin, Ireland
21.8.5: Proliferative glomerulonephritis;
21.8.6: Membranoproliferative
glomerulonephritis
P. Little University of Southampton,
Southampton, UK
18.4.1: Upper respiratory tract infections
William A. Littler The Priory Hospital,
Birmingham, UK
16.9.2: Endocarditis
A. Llanos-Cuentas School of Public Health and
Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano
Heredia, Lima, Peru
8.6.44: Bartonella bacilliformis infection
Y.M. Dennis Lo Li Ka Shing Professor of Medicine,
Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese
University of Hong Kong, China
3.9: Circulating DNA for molecular diagnostics
Diana N.J. Lockwood London School of Hygiene
and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
8.6.28: Leprosy (Hansen’s disease);
8.8.13: Leishmaniasis
David A. Lomas Vice Provost (Health) and Head of
UCL Medical School, University College London,
London, UK
12.13: α1-Antitrypsin deficiency and the
serpinopathies; 15.24.6 Primary and secondary
liver tumours
Alan Lopez University of Melbourne, Melbourne,
Vic, Australia
2.3: The Global Burden of Disease: Measuring the
health of populations
† It is with great regret that we report that Ralph Lainson died on 5 May, 2015.
Contributors
lvii
Constantino López-Macias Mexican Society of
Immunology, Mexico; University of Oxford,
Oxford, UK
4.3: Adaptive immunity
David A. Low Liverpool John Moores University,
Liverpool, UK
24.14: Diseases of the autonomic nervous system
Elyse E. Lower University of Cincinnati Medical
Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
18.12: Sarcoidosis
Katharine Lowndes Department of Haematology,
Royal Hampshire County Hospital, Winchester UK
14.17: Blood disorders in pregnancy
Angela K. Lucas-Herald School of Medicine,
University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for
Children, Glasgow, UK
13.7.3: Normal and abnormal sexual differentiation
Ingrid E. Lundberg Rheumatology Unit, Department
of Medicine, Sloan, Karolinska Institute,
Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
19.11.5: Inflammatory myopathies
James R. Lupski Department of Molecular and
Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics,
Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor
College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital,
Houston, TX, USA
3.2: The genomic basis of medicine
Raashid Luqmani Nuffield Department
of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and
Musculoskeletal Science, University of
Oxford Rheumatology Department, Nuffield
Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, UK
19.11.6: Large vessel vasculitis
Linda Luxon National Hospital for Neurology
and Neurosurgery, University College London
Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Square,
London, UK
24.6.3: Hearing loss
Jean Paul Luzio Cambridge Institute for Medical
Research, Cambridge, UK
3.1: The cell
Lucio Luzzatto Department of Haematology,
Muhimbili University of Health and Allied
Sciences Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
22.5.3: Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria;
22.6.11: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
Graz A. Luzzi Wycombe General Hospital, High
Wycombe, UK
9.3: Sexual history and examination
Kate D. Lynch Translational Gastroenterology
Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Nuffield
Department of Medicine, University of Oxford,
Oxford, UK
15.23.4: Primary sclerosing cholangitis
David Mabey Department of Clinical Research,
London School of Hygiene and Tropical
Medicine, London, UK
8.6.36: Non-venereal endemic treponematoses:
Yaws, endemic syphilis (bejel), and pinta;
8.6.45: Chlamydial infections; 9.1: Epidemiology of
sexually transmitted infections
Peter K. MacCallum Senior Lecturer in Haematology,
Barts and The London School of Medicine and
Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
14.7: Thrombosis in pregnancy
Alasdair MacGowan Department of Medical
Microbiology, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
8.2.5: Antimicrobial chemotherapy
Lucy Mackillop Obstetric Medicine, Oxford
University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust,
Oxford, UK
14.20 Prescribing in pregnancy
Gael M. MacLean Oxford University Hospitals NHS
Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
13.6.3: Benign breast disease
Kenneth T. MacLeod National Heart and Lung
Institute (NHLI) Division, Faculty of Medicine,
Imperial College London, London, UK
16.1.2: Cardiac physiology
Alasdair MacLullich Edinburgh University,
Edinburgh, UK
6.5: Older people in hospital
Jane Macnaughtan Liver Failure Group, Institute
for Liver and Digestive Health, University
College London, Royal Free Campus,
London, UK
15.22.5: Liver failure
Robert Mactier Consultant Nephrologist,
Glasgow Renal and Transplant Unit, South
Glasgow University Hospital, NHS Greater
Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK
21.7.1: Haemodialysis
C. Maguiña-Vargas School of Medicine,
Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia,
Lima, Peru
8.6.44: Bartonella bacilliformis infection
Michael Maher Professor of Radiology, University
College Cork and Consultant Radiologist,
Cork University Hospital and Mercy University
Hospital, Cork, Ireland
15.3.3: Radiology of the gastrointestinal tract
Malegapuru W. Makgoba National Health Ombud,
Pretoria, South Africa; College of Health Science,
University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South
Africa; National Planning Commission of South
Africa; Universities of Natal and KwaZulu-Natal,
Durban, South Africa; MRC (SA), Cape Town,
South Africa
2.18: Fostering medical and health research in
resource-constrained countries
Govind K. Makharia Department of
Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition,
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New
Delhi, India
15.10.8: Malabsorption syndromes in
the tropics
Hadi Manji The National Hospital for Neurology
and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
24.11.4: Neurosyphilis and neuro-AIDS
J.I. Mann Edgar Diabetes and Obesity Research
Centre (EDOR), Department of Human
Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New
Zealand
11.5: Diseases of affluent societies and the need for
dietary change
David Mant University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
2.11: Preventive medicine
G.A. Margaritopoulos Royal Brompton and
Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK
18.11.5: The lung in vasculitis
Anthony M. Marinaki Purine Research Laboratory,
Viapath, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK
12.4: Disorders of purine and pyrimidine
metabolism
Chiara Marini-Bettolo Newcastle University
John Walton Centre for Muscular Dystrophy
Research, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospital NHS
Foundation Trust, Institute of Genetic Medicine,
International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon
Tyne, UK
24.19.2: Muscular dystrophy
Michael Marks Department of Clinical Research,
London School of Hygiene and Tropical
Medicine, London, UK
8.6.36: Non-venereal endemic treponematoses:
Yaws, endemic syphilis (bejel), and pinta
Paul Marks Honorary Consultant Neurosurgeon,
Harrogate District Hospital, Harrogate;
Her Majesty’s Senior Coroner for the City
of Kingston upon Hull and the County of
the East Riding of Yorkshire; Vice President,
Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine,
London, UK; Honorary Professor of
Neurosurgery, College of Medicine,
University of Malawi, Malawi
27.1: Forensic and legal medicine
Thomas J. Marrie Department of Medicine,
Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada
8.6.42: Coxiella burnetii infections (Q fever)
Judith C.W. Marsh King’s College Hospital, King’s
College London, London, UK
22.5.2: Acquired aplastic anaemia and pure red
cell aplasia
Sara Marshall Wellcome Trust, London, UK
4.4: Immunodeficiency
Steven B. Marston National Heart and Lung
Institute (NHLI) Division, Faculty of Medicine,
Imperial College London, UK
16.1.2: Cardiac physiology
Maria do Rosario O. Martins University Nova de
Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
2.16: Financing healthcare in low-income
developing countries: A challenge for equity
in health
Thiviyani Maruthappu Kelsell Group, Cell Biology
and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts
and The London, Queen Mary University of
London, London, UK
23.3: Inherited skin disease
Duncan J. Maskell University of Cambridge,
Cambridge, UK
8.1.1: Biology of pathogenic microorganisms
N.A. Maskell Academic Respiratory Unit,
University of Bristol, UK
18.17: Pleural diseases
Jay W. Mason Cardiology Division, University
of Utah College of Medicine, Salt Lake City,
UT, USA
16.7.1: Myocarditis
Tahir Masud Nottingham University Hospitals
Trust, Nottingham, UK
6.8: Falls, faints, and fragility fractures
Christopher J. Mathias Stoke Poges, UK
24.14: Diseases of the autonomic nervous
system
Contributors
lviii
Fadi Matta Associate Professor, Department of
Osteopathic Medical Specialties, Collage of
Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University,
East Lansing, MI, USA
16.16.1: Deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary
embolism
Eric L. Matteson Division of Rheumatology,
Divisions of Rheumatology and Epidemiology,
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester,
MN, USA
19.11.11: Polymyalgia rheumatica
Kieran McCafferty Consultant Nephrologist, Barts
Health NHS Trust, London, UK
21.17: Urinary tract obstruction
Fergus McCarthy Division of Women’s Health,
Women’s Health Academic Centre KHP, St.
Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK
14.4: Hypertension in pregnancy
Brian W. McCrindle University of Toronto, Toronto,
Canada; The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto,
ON, Canada
19.11.12: Kawasaki disease
Theresa A. McDonagh King’s College Hospital,
Denmark Hill, London, UK
16.5.1: Epidemiology and general
pathophysiological classification of heart failure
A.D. McGavigan Flinders University,
SA, Australia
16.2.2: Syncope and palpitation; 16.4: Cardiac
arrhythmias
Fiona McGill Institute of Infection and Global
Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
24.11.2: Viral infections
John A. McGrath Genetic Skin Disease Group, St
John’s Institute of Dermatology, King’s College
London (Guy’s Campus), London, UK
23.1: Structure and function of skin
Alastair McGregor Department of Tropical
Medicine and Infectious Diseases, London
Northwest Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK;
Department of Medicine, Imperial College
London, London, UK
8.11.4: Intestinal trematode infections
Jane McGregor Clinical Senior Lecturer and
Honorary Consultant Dermatologist, Blizard
Institute, Barts and the London School Medicine
and Dentistry, London, UK
23.9: Photosensitivity
Iain B. McInnes University of Glasgow,
Glasgow, UK
3.3: Cytokines
C.J. McKay Consultant Pancreaticobiliary Surgeon,
West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal
Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
15.26.1: Acute pancreatitis
William J. McKenna The Heart Hospital, University
College London, London, UK
16.7.2: The cardiomyopathies: Hypertrophic,
dilated, restrictive, and right ventricular
Curtis McKnight Dignity Health Medical Group;
St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center;
Creighton University School of Medicine,
Phoenix, AZ, USA
26.5.3: Organic psychoses
Alison McMillan East and North Hertfordshire NHS
Trust, Stevenage, UK
18.5.2: Sleep-related breathing disorders
Martin A. McNally The Bone Infection Unit,
Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University
Hospitals, Oxford, UK
20.3: Osteomyelitis
Regina McQuillan St Francis Hospice and Beaumont
Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
7.3: Symptoms other than pain
Simon Mead MRC Prion Unit, University College
London, Institute of Prion Diseases; NHS National
Prion Clinic, National Hospital for Neurology and
Neurosurgery, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation
Trust, Queen Square, London, UK
24.11.5: Human prion diseases
Jill Meara Hyperbaric Medicine Unit, St Richard’s
Hospital, Chichester, UK
10.3.7: Radiation
Wajahat Z. Mehal Section of Digestive Diseases Yale
University, New Haven, CT, USA
15.21: Pathobiology of chronic liver disease
Tobias F. Menne Consultant Haematologist, The
Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation
Trust, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon
Tyne, UK
22.4.2: Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
David K. Menon Division of Anaesthesia, University
of Cambridge, UK; Neurosciences Critical Care
Unit, Royal College of Anaesthetists, London,
UK; Queens’ College, Cambridge, UK; National
Institute for Health Research, UK
17.7: Management of raised intracranial
pressure
Andrew Menzies-Gow Royal Brompton Hospital,
London, UK
18.7: Asthma
Catherine H. Mercer Professor of Sexual
Health Science, Centre for Population
Research in Sexual Health and HIV, Institute
for Global Health, University College London,
London, UK
9.2: Sexual behaviour
Vinod K. Metta Neurology, National Hospital for
Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College
London, London, UK
24.7.2: Parkinsonism and other extrapyramidal
diseases
Jan H. ter Meulen Philipps University Marburg,
35043 Marburg, Germany
8.5.17: Arenaviruses; 8.5.18: Filoviruses
Wayne M. Meyers Department of Environmental
and Infectious Disease Sciences, Armed
Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington
DC, USA
8.6.29: Buruli ulcer: Mycobacterium ulcerans
infection
Paul K. Middleton Clinical Research Fellow,
Institute of Liver Studies, Inflammation Biology,
School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences,
Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s
College London, King’s College Hospital,
London, UK
15.22.4: Hepatic encephalopathy
Stephen J. Middleton Consultant
Gastroenterologist, Addenbrooke’s Hospital,
Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge;
Consultant Gastroenterologist (Hon.) St Mark’s
Hospital, Harrow, London; Associate Professor
(Hon.) Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of
Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, UK
15.10.2: Bacterial overgrowth of the small intestine;
15.10.7: Effects of massive bowel resection
Mark E. Mikkelsen Department of Medicine,
Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
17.12: Persistent problems and recovery after
critical illness
Michael A. Miles Faculty of Infectious and Tropical
Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical
Medicine, London, UK
8.8.12: Chagas disease
Robert F. Miller University College London,
London, UK
8.7.5: Pneumocystis jirovecii
Dawn S. Milliner Emeritus Professor of Medicine
and Pediatrics at the Mayo Clinic Alix School of
Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
12.10 Hereditary disorders of oxalate
metabolism: The primary hyperoxalurias
K.R. Mills King’s College London, London, UK
24.3.4: Investigation of central motor
pathways: Magnetic brain stimulation
Philip Minor National Institute for Biological
Standards and Control (NIBSC), Ridge, UK
8.5.8: Enterovirus infections
Fraz A. Mir Department of Medicine, Cambridge
University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust,
Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
16.17.3: Secondary hypertension
Pramod K. Mistry Professor of Pediatrics and
Medicine, Chief, Pediatric Gastroenterology
and Hepatology, Yale School of Medicine, New
Haven, CT, USA
12.7.2 Inherited diseases of copper
metabolism: Wilson’s disease and Menkes’ disease
Andrew R.J. Mitchell Jersey General Hospital,
Jersey, UK
16.3.2: Echocardiography; 16.14.1: Acute aortic
syndromes
Oriol Mitjà Barcelona Institute for Global Health,
University of Barcelona, Spain; Lihir Medical
Centre, InternationalSOS, Lihir Island, Papua
New Guinea
8.6.36: Non-venereal endemic treponematoses:
Yaws, endemic syphilis (bejel), and pinta
Aarthi R. Mohan Obstetrics and Maternal Medicine,
University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation
Trust, Bristol, UK
14.21: Contraception for women with medical
diseases
Fiachra Moloney Consultant Radiologist,
Department of Radiology, Cork University
Hospital, Cork, Ireland
15.3.3: Radiology of the gastrointestinal tract
P.L. Molyneaux Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS
Trust, London, UK
18.11.2: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Contributors
lix
Andrew J. Molyneux The Manor Hospital, Oxford, UK
24.3.3: Imaging in neurological diseases
Peter D. Mooney Royal Hallamshire Hospital and
University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
15.10.3: Coeliac disease
Anthony V. Moorman Professor of Genetic
Epidemiology, Leukaemia Research Cytogenetics
Group, Northern Institute for Cancer Research,
Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
22.4.2: Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Pilar Morata Department of Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine,
University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
8.6.22: Brucellosis
Marina S. Morgan Royal Devon and Exeter NHS
Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
8.6.19: Pasteurella
Michael L. Moritz Professor of Pediatrics, University
of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Clinical Director,
Division of Nephrology, UPMC Children’s Hospital
of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
21.2.1: Disorders of water and sodium homeostasis
Pedro L. Moro Immunization Safety Office, Division
of Healthcare Quality Promotion, NCEZID,
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA, USA
8.10.2: Cystic hydatid disease (Echinococcus
granulosus)
Mary J. Morrell Imperial College London, London, UK
18.5.2: Sleep-related breathing disorders
Nicholas W. Morrell British Heart Foundation
Professor of Cardiopulmonary Medicine,
University of Cambridge School of Clinical
Medicine, Addenbrooke’s and Papworth
Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
16.15.1: Structure and function of the pulmonary
circulation; 16.15.2: Pulmonary hypertension
Emma C. Morris Professor, Division of Infection
and Immunity, UCL Institute of Immunity and
Transplantation, Royal Free Campus, Royal Free
Hospital, London, UK and Honorary Consultant,
University College London Medical School,
London, UK
22.8.2: Haemopoietic stem cell transplantation
Neil J.McC. Mortensen Professor of Colorectal
Surgery, Nuffield Department of Surgery,
University of Oxford; Honorary Consultant
Colorectal Surgeon, Oxford University Hospitals
NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
15.14: Colonic diverticular disease
Peter S. Mortimer St George’s University of London;
St George’s Hospital, London; Royal Marsden
Hospital, London, UK
16.18: Chronic peripheral oedema and
lymphoedema; 23.12: Blood and lymphatic vessel
disorders
Ghulam J. Mufti King’s College Hospital/King’s
College London, London, UK
22.5.2: Acquired aplastic anaemia and pure red
cell aplasia
Victoria Mulcahy Norwich Medical School,
University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
15.10.1: Differential diagnosis and investigation of
malabsorption
David R. Murdoch Professor and Head of
Pathology, University of Otago, Christchurch,
New Zealand
10.3.6: Diseases of high terrestrial altitudes
Paul Murphy NHS Blood and Transplant,
Bristol, UK
17.11: Diagnosis of death and organ donation
Christopher Murray University of Washington,
WA, USA
2.3: The Global Burden of Disease: Measuring the
health of populations
Jean B. Nachega Departments of Epidemiology,
Infectious Diseases and Microbiology,
Graduate School of Public Health, University of
Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA; Department of
Medicine, Centre for Infectious Diseases,
Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Cape Town,
South Africa
8.6.26: Tuberculosis
Robert B. Nadelman Division of Infectious
Diseases, Department of Medicine, New York
Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
8.6.33: Lyme borreliosis
Alexandra Nanzer-Kelly Guys and St Thomas’
Hospital, London, UK
18.7: Asthma
Nikolai V. Naoumov Novartis Pharma, Basel,
Switzerland
8.5.21: Hepatitis viruses (excluding hepatitis
C virus)
Kikkeri N. Naresh Department of Histopathology,
Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust and
Imperial College, London, UK
15.10.4: Gastrointestinal lymphomas
Kate Nash University Hospital Southampton NHS
Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
15.23.1: Hepatitis A to E
N. Navani University College Hospital,
London, UK
18.19.1: Lung cancer
Catherine Nelson-Piercy Obstetric Medicine,
Women’s Health Academic Centre, King’s
Health Partners, King’s College London,
London, UK
14.14: Autoimmune rheumatic disorders and
vasculitis in pregnancy
Randolph M. Nesse Center for Evolution and
Medicine, Arizona State University, AZ, USA
2.2: Evolution: Medicine’s most basic science
Peter J. Nestor German Center for
Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE),
Magdeburg, Germany
24.4.1: Disturbances of higher cerebral function
Stefan Neubauer Oxford Centre for Clinical
Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR),
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe
Department of Medicine, University of Oxford,
John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
16.3.3: Cardiac investigations: Nuclear,
MRI, and CT
James Neuberger Hon Consultant Physician,
Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital,
Birmingham, UK
15.24.5: The liver in systemic disease
James D. Newton Oxford University Hospitals NHS
Trust, Oxford, UK
16.3.2: Echocardiography; 16.14.1: Acute aortic
syndromes
Paul N. Newton Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-
Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU),
Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital,
Vientiane, Lao PDR; Nuffield Department
of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford;
Infectious Diseases Data Observatory (IDDO),
University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
2.10: Medicine quality, physicians,
and patients
Wan-Fai Ng Newcastle University and NIHR
Newcastle Biomedical, Research Centre for
Ageing and Chronic Diseases, Newcastle upon
Tyne, UK
19.11.4: Sjögren’s syndrome
A.G. Nicholson Royal Brompton and Harefield
NHS Trust; Professor of Respiratory Pathology,
National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial
College School of Medicine, London, UK
18.11.2: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Jerry P. Nolan Warwick Medical School, Coventry;
Royal United Hospital, Bath, UK
17.2: Cardiac arrest
John Nowakowski New York Medical College,
NY, USA
8.6.33: Lyme borreliosis
Paul Nyirjesy Drexel University College of
Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
9.4: Vaginal discharge
Sarah O’Brien Modelling, Evidence and Policy
Group, School of Natural and Environmental
Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon
Tyne, UK
15.18: Gastrointestinal infections
Amy O’Donnell Institute of Health and Society,
Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
26.6.1: Brief interventions for excessive alcohol
consumption
Nigel O’Farrell Ealing Hospital, London North West
University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
8.6.14: Haemophilus ducreyi and chancroid
John G. O’Grady Institute of Liver Studies, King’s
College Hospital, London, UK
15.22.6: Liver transplantation
Denis O’Mahony Department of Medicine,
University College Cork and Department of
Geriatric Medicine, Cork University Hospital,
Cork, Ireland
6.7: Drugs and prescribing in the older patient
E.E. Ooi Programme in Emerging Infectious
Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
8.5.12: Alphaviruses
Susie Orme Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation
Trust, Barnsley, UK
6.9: Bladder and bowels
Kevin O’Shaughnessy Division of Experimental
Medicine and Immunotherapeutics,
Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge, UK
2.6: Principles of clinical pharmacology and drug
therapy
Contributors
lx
Edel O’Toole Centre for Cutaneous Research,
Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science,
Barts and the London School of Medicine and
Dentistry; and Department of Dermatology,
Barts and the London NHS Trust, London, UK
23.14: Tumours of the skin
Petra C.F. Oyston Biomedical Sciences, DSTL
Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
8.6.20: Francisella tularensis infection
Jacqueline Palace Nuffield Department of
Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford,
Oxford, UK
24.18: Disorders of the neuromuscular junction
Thomas Pap Institute of Experimental
Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital
Münster, Münster, Germany
19.1: Joints and connective tissue—structure and
function
Jayan Parameshwar Consultant Cardiologist, Royal
Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
16.5.5: Cardiac transplantation and mechanical
circulatory support
Daniel H. Paris University of Oxford, Oxford, UK;
Rickettsial Research (Oxford Tropical Network);
Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research
Unit (MORU), Faculty of Tropical Medicine,
Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
8.6.41: Scrub typhus
Sarah Parish Clinical Trial Service Unit and
Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), University
of Oxford, Oxford, UK
2.4: Large-scale randomized evidence: Trials and
meta-analyses of trials
Mike Parker Ethox Centre, Oxford, UK
1.5: Medical ethics
Miles Parkes Consultant Gastroenterologist,
Cambridge University Hospitals,
Cambridge, UK
15.11: Crohn’s disease
Philippe Parola University Hospital Institute
Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
8.6.40: Rickettsioses
Christopher M. Parry Clinical Sciences, Liverpool
School of Tropical Medicine, and Institute of
Infection and Global Health, University of
Liverpool, UK; School of Tropical Medicine and
Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
8.6.9: Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers
Judith Partridge Guys and St Thomas’ Hospitals
London, UK
6.6: Supporting older peoples’ care in surgical and
oncological services
Sant-Rayn Pasricha MRC Human Immunology
Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine,
John Radcliffe Hospital and University of Oxford,
Oxford, UK
22.6.5: Anaemia of inflammation
Harnish Patel Academic Geriatric Medicine,
University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
6.2: Frailty and sarcopenia
Raj Patel Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
9.6: Genital ulceration
Sejal Patel Oxford Childrens Hospital, Oxford
University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
13.7.2: Normal puberty and its disorders
John Paul SE region, National Infection Service,
Public Health England, UK
8.6.47: A checklist of bacteria associated with
infection in humans;
8.12: Nonvenomous arthropods
Jason Payne-James Specialist in Forensic and Legal
Medicine and Consultant Forensic Physician;
Lead Medical Examiner, Norfolk and Norwich
University Hospital, Norfolk, UK; Honorary
Clinical Professor, William Harvey Research
Institute, Queen Mary University of London,
UK; Consultant Editor-in-Chief, Journal of
Forensic and Legal Medicine; Director, Forensic
Healthcare Services Ltd, Southminster, UK
27.1: Forensic and legal medicine
Sharon J. Peacock University of Cambridge,
Cambridge, UK
8.6.8: Pseudomonas aeruginosa;
8.6.16: Melioidosis and glanders
Fiona Pearce Clinical Lecturer, Faculty of Medicine
and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham,
Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
19.2: Clinical presentation and diagnosis of
rheumatological disorders
Rupert Pearse Queen Mary University of London,
London, UK
17.4: Assessing and preparing patients with
medical conditions for major surgery
Malik Peiris School of Public Health, The
University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special
Administrative Region of China
8.5.1: Respiratory tract viruses
Neil Pendleton School of Biological Sciences,
Faculty Biology Medicine and Health and
Manchester Institute for Collaborative
Research in Ageing, University of Manchester,
Manchester, UK
6.1: Ageing and clinical medicine
Hugh Pennington University of Aberdeen,
Aberdeen, UK
8.6.7: Enterobacteria and bacterial food
poisoning
Mark B. Pepys Director, Wolfson Drug Discovery
Unit, and Honorary Consultant Physician,
National Amyloidosis Centre, Centre for
Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins,
University College London, London, UK
12.12.1 The acute phase response and C-reactive
protein; 12.12.3 Amyloidosis
Stephen P. Pereira Professor of Hepatology
and Gastroenterology, Institute for Liver and
Digestive Health, University College London;
Consultant Hepatologist and Gastroenterologist,
University College Hospital and Royal Free
Hospital, London, UK
15.16: Cancers of the gastrointestinal tract;
15.26.3: Tumours of the pancreas
Gavin D. Perkins Warwick Medical School,
Coventry; Intensive Care Unit, Heartlands
Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS
Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
17.2: Cardiac arrest
David J. Perry Previously Department of
Haematology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital,
Cambridge, UK
14.17: Blood disorders in pregnancy
Hans Persson Swedish Poisons Centre,
Stockholm, Sweden
10.4.3: Poisonous fungi; 10.4.4: Poisonous plants
Eskild Petersen Department of Infectious Diseases
and Clinical Microbiology, Aarhus University
Hospital Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark
8.8.4: Toxoplasmosis
L.R. Petersen Director, Division of Vector-borne
Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, Fort Collins,
Colorado, USA
8.5.12: Alphaviruses
Trevor N. Petney Professor, Cholangiocarcinoma
Research Institute (CARI), Cholangiocarcinoma
Screening and Care Program (CASCAP),
Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University,
Khon Kaen, Thailand; Department of
Paleontology and Evolution, Organization/
University State Museum of Natural History,
Karlsruhe, Germany
8.11.2: Liver fluke infections
Philippa Peto Consultant in Renal and Acute
Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Lewisham
and Greenwich NHS Trust, London, UK
1.6: Clinical decision-making
Richard Peto Nuffield Department of Population
Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
2.4: Large-scale randomized evidence: Trials
and meta-analyses of trials; 5.1: Epidemiology
of cancer
Timothy E.A. Peto Nuffield Department of Clinical
Medicine, University of Oxford; John Radcliffe
Hospital, Oxford, UK
1.6: Clinical decision-making; 8.5.23: HIV/AIDS
John D. Pickard University of Cambridge,
Cambridge, UK
24.5.6: Brainstem death and prolonged disorders of
consciousness
Matthew C. Pickering Imperial College London,
London, UK
4.2: The complement system
Massimiliano di Pietro Senior Clinical Investigator
Scientist and Consultant Gastroenterologist,
MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge,
Hutchison/MRC Research Centre,
Cambridge, UK
15.7: Diseases of the oesophagus
Michael R. Pinsky Professor Critical Care Medicine,
Bioengineering, Cardiovascular Disease and
Anesthesiology, Department of Critical Care
Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh,
PA, USA
17.6: Circulation and circulatory support in the
critically ill
Julia Platts University of Cardiff, Cardiff, UK
13.9.1: Diabetes
Raymond J. Playford, Professor of Medicine,
University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK; Vice
President Research Strategy, Pantheryx Inc.,
Boulder, CO, USA
15.10.2: Bacterial overgrowth of the small intestine;
15.10.7: Effects of massive bowel resection
Michael I. Polkey Royal Brompton and Harefield
NHS Trust, London, UK
18.15: Chronic respiratory failure; 18.18 Disorders
of the thoracic cage and diaphragm
Contributors
lxi
Eleanor S. Pollak Associate Professor of Pathology
and Laboratory Medicine (retired), Perelman
School of Medicine of the University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
22.7.4: Genetic disorders of coagulation
Andrew J. Pollard Professor of Paediatric Infection
and Immunity at the University of Oxford,
Director of the Oxford Vaccine Group, Fellow
of St Cross College and Honorary Consultant
Paediatrician at the Children’s Hospital,
Oxford, UK
10.3.6: Diseases of high terrestrial altitudes
Aaron Polliack Emeritus Professor, Hadassah
University Hospital and Hebrew University
Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
22.4.5: Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Allyson M. Pollock Queen Mary University of
London, London, UK
2.15: How much should rich countries’
governments spend on healthcare?
Cristina Ponte Department of Rheumatology,
Hospital de Santa Maria - CHLN, Lisbon
Academic Medical Centre, Lisbon, Portugal;
Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics,
Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences,
University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
19.11.6: Large vessel vasculitis
Kyle J. Popovich Rush University, Chicago,
IL, USA
8.6.4: Staphylococci
Françoise Portaels Institute of Tropical Medicine,
Antwerp, Belgium
8.6.29: Buruli ulcer: Mycobacterium ulcerans
infection
John B. Porter Professor of Haematology and
Consultant Haematologist, University College
London Hospitals, London, UK
22.6.4: Iron metabolism and its disorders
Stephen Potts Department of Psychological
Medicine, Edinburgh Royal Infirmary,
Edinburgh, UK
26.5.5: Substance misuse
William G. Powderly Division of Infectious Diseases
and Institute for Public Health, Washington
University in St. Louis, MO, USA
8.7.2: Cryptococcosis
Janet Powell Department of Surgery and Cancer,
Imperial College, London, UK
16.14.2: Peripheral arterial disease
Amy Powers Associate Professor of Pathology,
John A Burns School of Medicine, University
of Hawaii, Department of Pathology, Honolulu,
HI, USA
22.6.12: Acquired haemolytic anaemia
Ann M. Powers Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
8.5.12: Alphaviruses
Anton Pozniak Department of HIV and GUM,
Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS
Foundation Trust, London, UK
18.4.5: Pulmonary complications of
HIV infection
Bernard D. Prendergast John Radcliffe Hospital,
Oxford, UK
16.9.2: Endocarditis
Michael Prentice School of Microbiology,
University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
8.6.17: Plague: Yersinia pestis; 8.6.18: Other
Yersinia infections: Yersiniosis
David Price Queen Mary University of London,
London, UK
2.15: How much should rich countries’
governments spend on healthcare?
Christopher Pugh Nuffield Department of
Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
21.14: Disorders of renal calcium handling,
urinary stones, and nephrocalcinosis
Meredith Pugh Division of Pulmonary and Critical
Care, Vanderbilt University Medical Center,
Nashville, TN, USA
14.8: Chest diseases in pregnancy
Graham Raftery South Tyneside and Sunderland
NHS Foundation Trust, Sunderland, UK
19.7: Infection and arthritis
Kazem Rahimi The George Institute for
Global Health, University of Oxford,
Oxford, UK
16.13.2: Coronary heart disease: Epidemiology
and prevention
Anisur Rahman Centre for Rheumatology,
University College London, London, UK
19.11.2: Systemic lupus erythematosus and related
disorders
Tim Raine IBD Lead and Consultant
Gastroenterologist, Cambridge University
Hospital, Cambridge, UK
15.11: Crohn’s disease
K. Rajappan Oxford University Hospitals NHS
Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
16.2.2: Syncope and palpitation
S. Vincent Rajkumar Edward W. and Betty Knight
Scripps Professor of Medicine, Division of
Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
22.4.6: Plasma cell myeloma and related
monoclonal gammopathies
Mary Ramsay Health Protection Agency,
London, UK
8.3: Immunization
A.C. Rankin Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
16.2.2: Syncope and palpitation
Didier Raoult University Hospital Institute
Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
8.6.40: Rickettsioses; 15.10.6: Whipple’s disease
Michael Rawlins Medicines and Healthcare
Products Regulatory Agency, London, UK
2.19: Regulation versus innovation in medicine
Phillip Read University of New South Wales,
Kensington, NSW, Australia
8.6.37: Syphilis
Michael C. Reade Burns, Trauma and Critical
Care Research Centre, Royal Brisbane and
Women’s Hospital, University of Queensland,
Brisbane, Qld, Australia; Joint Health Command,
Australian Defence Force, Canberra, ACT,
Australia
17.8: Sedation and analgesia in the ICU
Paul J. Reading Department of Sleep Medicine,
The James Cook University Hospital,
Middlesbrough, UK
24.5.3: Sleep disorders
Jeremy Rees National Hospital for Neurology and
Neurosurgery, London, UK; UCL Institute of
Neurology, London, UK
24.23: Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes;
24.10.4: Intracranial tumours
P.T. Reid Respiratory Unit, Western General
Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
18.13: Pneumoconioses
Shelley Renowden North Bristol NHS Trust,
Bristol, UK
24.3.3: Imaging in neurological diseases
John Richens Research Department of Infection and
Population Health, University College London,
London, UK
8.6.10: Intracellular klebsiella infections
(donovanosis and rhinoscleroma)
Alan B. Rickinson Institute for Cancer Studies,
University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
8.5.3: Epstein–Barr virus
B.K. Rima Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for
Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University
Belfast, Belfast, UK
8.5.5: Mumps: Epidemic parotitis
David J. Roberts Radcliffe Department of Medicine,
University of Oxford; Department of
Haematology, Oxford University Hospitals
NHS Trust and NHS Blood and Transplant,
Oxford, UK
22.6.3: Anaemia as a challenge to world health
Harold R. Roberts Sarah Graham Kenan Professor
of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology,
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill,
NC, USA
22.7.1: The biology of haemostasis and thrombosis
Irene Roberts Department of Paediatrics and
MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall
Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of
Oxford, Oxford, UK
22.5.1: Inherited bone marrow failure syndromes
Douglas Robertson Senior Lecturer and Honorary
Consultant in Restorative Dentistry, University of
Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
15.6: The mouth and salivary glands
Marcus Robertson Gastroenterologist and
Hepatologist, Monash Health, Vic, Australia;
Monash University Department of Medicine,
Vic, Australia
15.22.3: Portal hypertension and variceal
bleeding
Esther Robinson Public Health England,
Birmingham, UK
8.6.13: Haemophilus influenzae
T.A. Rockall Professor of Colorectal Surgery,
University of Surrey; Consultant Colorectal
Surgeon, Royal Surrey County Hospital
Guildford, UK
15.4.2: Gastrointestinal bleeding
Edward Roddy Keele University, Keele, UK
19.10: Crystal-related arthropathies
Simon D. Roger Renal Physician, Conjoint
Professor, School of Medicine and Public Health,
University of Newcastle, Newcastle; Director,
Department of Renal Medicine, Central Coast
Local Health District, Gosford, NSW, Australia
21.9.1: Acute interstitial nephritis
Contributors
lxii
Jean-Marc Rolain IHU Méditerranée Infection,
Marseille, France
8.6.43: Bartonellas excluding B. bacilliformis
Pierre Ronco Professor of Renal Medicine,
University Pierre et Marie Curie, and Inserm Unit
UMR_S1155, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
21.10.5: Renal involvement in plasma cell
dyscrasias, immunoglobulin-based amyloidoses,
and fibrillary glomerulopathies, lymphomas, and
leukaemias
Antony Rosen Division of Rheumatology, Johns
Hopkins University School of Medicine,
Baltimore, MD, USA
4.6: Autoimmunity
Jonathan D.C. Ross University Hospitals
Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
9.8: Pelvic inflammatory disease
Shannan Lee Rossi Department of Pathology, Center
for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases;
Member, Center for Tropical Diseases, Institute
for Human Infections and Immunity, University
of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
8.5.14: Flaviviruses excluding dengue
Peter M. Rothwell Nuffield Department of Clinical
Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
24.10.1 Stroke: Cerebrovascular disease
Simon M. Rushbrook Department of Hepatology,
Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS
Trust, Norwich, UK
15.24.6: Primary and secondary liver tumours
Nigel Russell Professor of Haematology,
Nottingham University, Nottingham, UK
22.3.3: Acute myeloid leukaemia
Fiona Ryan Oxford Childrens Hospital, Oxford
University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust,
Oxford, UK
13.7.2: Normal puberty and its disorders
Nikant Sabharwal Department of Cardiology, John
Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
16.3.3: Cardiac investigations: Nuclear, MRI, and CT
Alan D. Salama University College London,
London, UK
21.8.5: Proliferative glomerulonephritis
Moin Saleem Professor of Paediatric Renal Medicine,
University of Bristol Children’s Renal Unit, Bristol
Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
21.8.3: Minimal change nephropathy and focal
segmental glomerulosclerosis
Hesham A. Saleh Charing Cross Hospital and Royal
Brompton Hospital, London; Imperial College
London, London, UK
18.6: Allergic rhinitis
Susan Salt Trinity Hospice, Blackpool, UK
7.1: Introduction to palliative care
Nilesh J. Samani Department of Cardiovascular
Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
16.17.4: Mendelian disorders causing hypertension
Luis G. Sambo University Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon,
Portugal
2.16: Financing healthcare in low-income
developing countries: A challenge for equity
in health
David S. Sanders Royal Hallamshire Hospital and
University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
15.10.3: Coeliac disease
Jeremy Sanderson Department of Gastroenterology,
Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust,
London, UK
15.12: Ulcerative colitis
Vijay G. Sankaran Associate Professor of
Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Division
of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s
Hospital, Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer
and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
22.6.1: Erythropoiesis
Swati Sathe Rutgers New Jersey Medical School,
Newark, NJ, USA
24.17: Inherited neurodegenerative diseases
Brian P. Saunders Consultant Gastroenterologist, St
Mark’s Hospital, North West London Hospitals
Trust; Adjunct Professor of Endoscopy, Imperial
College London, London, UK
15.3.1: Colonoscopy and flexible sigmoidoscopy
Kate E.A. Saunders University of Oxford
Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital,
Oxford, UK
26.3.2: Self-harm; 26.5.7: Bipolar disorder
Rana Sayeed Oxford Heart Centre, Oxford
University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
16.13.6: Coronary artery bypass and valve surgery
John A. Sayer Institute Of Genetic Medicine,
Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle
upon Tyne, UK
21.15: The renal tubular acidoses
Claire Scampion Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS
Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
6.11: Promotion of dignity in the life and death of
older patients
Matthew Scarborough Oxford University Hospitals
NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; University
of Oxford, Oxford, UK
8.2.3: Nosocomial infections
Klaus P. Schaal Institute for Medical Microbiology,
Immunology and Parasitology, University
Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
8.6.30: Actinomycoses
Michael L. Schilsky Associate Professor of
Medicine, Medical Director, Adult Liver
Transplant, Yale-New Haven Transplantation
Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale
School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
12.7.2: Inherited diseases of copper metabolism:
Wilson’s disease and Menkes’ disease
Jonathan M. Schott Dementia Research Centre,
UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square,
London, UK
24.4.2: Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias
Heinz-Peter Schultheiss Institut Kardiale
Diagnostik und Therapie (IKDT), Berlin,
Germany
16.7.1: Myocarditis
Jane Schwebke University of Alabama at
Birmingham, AL, USA
8.8.14: Trichomoniasis
Neil Scolding University of Bristol Institute of
Clinical Neurosciences, Southmead Hospital,
Bristol, UK
24.21: Acquired metabolic disorders and the
nervous system; 24.22: Neurological complications
of systemic disease
Anthony Scott KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research
Programme, Kilifi, Kenya; London School of
Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,
London, UK
8.6.3: Pneumococcal infections
James Scott Imperial College London,
London, UK
12.6: Lipid disorders
Rebecca Scott Department of Metabolism,
Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College
London, London, UK
15.9.1: Hormones and the gastrointestinal tract
Mårten Segelmark Professor of Nephrology,
Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund
University and Department of Nephrology
Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
21.8.7: Antiglomerular basement membrane
disease
Julian Seifter Associate Professor of Medicine,
Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Boston, USA
12.11: A physiological approach to acid–base
disorders: The roles of ion transport and body fluid
compartments
Bhuvaneish T. Selvaraj University of Edinburgh,
Edinburgh, UK
3.7: Stem cells and regenerative medicine
Amartya Sen Harvard University, Cambridge,
MA, USA
2.20: Human disasters
Arjune Sen Oxford Epilepsy Research Group,
NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre,
John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
24.5.1: Epilepsy in later childhood and
adulthood
Debasish Sen Occupational Medicine, University of
Manchester, UK
10.2.1: Occupational and environmental health
Nicholas J. Severs National Heart and Lung
Institute (NHLI) Division, Faculty of Medicine,
Imperial College London, London, UK
16.1.2: Cardiac physiology
Pallav L. Shah Imperial College London,
London, UK
18.1.1: The upper respiratory tract; 18.1.2: Airways
and alveoli; 18.3.3: Bronchoscopy, thoracoscopy,
and tissue biopsy
Muddassir Shaikh James Cook University Hospital,
Middlesbrough, UK
19.7: Infection and arthritis
Alena Shantsila University of Liverpool,
Liverpool, UK
16.17.5: Hypertensive urgencies and
emergencies
Susie Shapiro Consultant Haematologist,
Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation
Trust, Oxford Haemophilia and
Thrombosis Centre, Churchill Hospital,
Oxford, UK
22.7.3: Thrombocytopenia and disorders of
platelet function
Claire C. Sharpe Professor of Renal Medicine,
Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s
College London, London, UK
21.10.7: Sickle cell disease and the kidney
Contributors
lxiii
Michael Sharpe Psychological Medicine Research,
University of Oxford Department of Psychiatry,
Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
26.1: General introduction; 26.2: The psychiatric
assessment of the medical patient; 26.3.3: Medically
unexplained symptoms; 26.4.2: Psychological
treatments; 26.5.12: Somatic symptom and related
disorders; 26.7: Psychiatry, liaison psychiatry, and
psychological medicine
Pamela J. Shaw Sheffield Institute for Translational
Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield,
Sheffield; Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS
Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
24.15: The motor neuron diseases
Debbie L. Shawcross Professor of Hepatology and
Chronic Liver Failure, Institute of Liver Studies,
Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology
and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences
and Medicine, King’s College London, King’s
College Hospital, London, UK
15.22.4: Hepatic encephalopathy
Bart Sheehan Oxford University Hospitals NHS
Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
26.3.1: Confusion; 26.5.1: Delirium;
26.5.2: Dementia
Neil Sheerin Professor of Nephrology, Institute
of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University,
Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
21.13: Urinary tract infection
Mark Sherlock General Medicine and Emergency
Medicine, NHS, UK; Médecins Sans Frontières
(MSF), Paris, France
13.5.1: Disorders of the adrenal cortex
Jackie Sherrard Wycombe General Hospital, High
Wycombe, UK
8.6.6: Neisseria gonorrhoeae; 9.3: Sexual history
and examination
M.A. Shikanai-Yasuda Faculdade Medicina,
University of São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil
8.7.4: Paracoccidioidomycosis
Brian Shine Oxford University Hospitals NHS
Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
29.1: The use of biochemical analysis for diagnosis
and management
John M. Shneerson Papworth Hospital, Papworth
Everard, UK
18.18: Disorders of the thoracic cage and diaphragm
Volha Shpadaruk Department of Dermatology,
University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust,
Leicester, UK
23.7: Cutaneous vasculitis, connective tissue
diseases, and urticaria
Joachim Sieper Free University, Berlin, Germany
19.6: Spondyloarthritis and related conditions
Udomsak Silachamroon Department of Clinical
Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine,
Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
8.11.3: Lung flukes (paragonimiasis)
Leslie Silberstein Director, Transfusion Medicine,
Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
22.6.12: Acquired haemolytic anaemia
Jorge Simões University Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon,
Portugal
2.16: Financing healthcare in low-income developing
countries: A challenge for equity in health
Alexandra Sinclair Institute of Metabolism and
Systems Research, School of Clinical and
Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and
Dental Sciences, The Medical School, University
of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
24.10.5: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Rod Sinclair Department of Dermatology, University
of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Epworth
Healthcare, Sinclair Dermatology Investigational
Research, Education and Clinical Trials, East
Melbourne, Vic, Australia
23.17: Management of skin disease
Joseph Sinning Regional Cancer Care Associates,
Hartford, CT, USA
22.3.1: Granulocytes in health and disease
Thira Sirisanthana Research Institute for Health
Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai,
Thailand
8.7.6: Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffei infection
J.G.P. Sissons† University of Cambridge School of
Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
8.5.2: Herpesviruses (excluding
Epstein–Barr virus)
Paiboon Sithithaworn Professor,
Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute (CARI),
Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care
Program (CASCAP), Faculty of Medicine, Khon
Kaen University, Thailand; Professor Parasitology,
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine,
Khon Kaen University, Thailand
8.11.2: Liver fluke infections
James R.A. Skipworth Consultant HPB and General
Surgeon, Bristol Royal Infirmary, University
Hospitals Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
15.26.3: Tumours of the pancreas
Geoffrey L. Smith University of Cambridge,
Cambridge, UK
8.5.4: Poxviruses
Roger Smyth Department of Psychological
Medicine, Edinburgh Royal Infirmary,
Edinburgh, UK
26.2: The psychiatric assessment of the medical
patient
Rosamund Snow† BMJ, Tavistock Square,
London, UK
1.3: What patients wish you understood
E.L. Snyder Professor, Laboratory Medicine, Yale
University Medical School; Director, Transfusion/
Apheresis/Tissue/Cell Processing Services,
Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
22.8.1: Blood transfusion
Jasmeet Soar Intensive Care Unit, Southmead
Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
17.2: Cardiac arrest
May Ching Soh Silver Star Unit, Women’s Centre,
John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University
Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
14.14: Autoimmune rheumatic disorders and
vasculitis in pregnancy
Elisaveta Sokolov Kings College Hospital, London, UK
24.7.2: Parkinsonism and other extrapyramidal
diseases
Tom Solomon Institute of Infection and Global
Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
24.11.2: Viral infections
Krishna Somers Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA,
Australia
16.9.4: Cardiovascular syphilis
Danielle Southerst NYU Langone Health,
New York, NY, USA
19.4: Back pain and regional disorders
Cathy Speed Consultant in Rheumatology, Sport
and Exercise Medicine, Senior Physician, English
Institute of Sport, Cambridge Centre for Health
and Performance, Cambridge, UK
28.1: Sport and exercise medicine
Des Spence Barclay Medical Centre, Maryhill
Health Centre, Glasgow, UK
1.4: Why do patients attend and what do they want
from the consultation?
G.P. Spickett Regional Department of Immunology,
Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon
Tyne, UK
18.14.1: Diffuse alveolar haemorrhage;
18.14.2: Eosinophilic pneumonia;
18.14.4: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
S.G. Spiro University College Hospital,
London, UK
18.19.1: Lung cancer; 18.19.2: Pulmonary
metastases
David P. Steensma Institute Physician, Division
of Hematologic Malignancies, Department of
Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute;
Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard
Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
22.3.2: Myelodysplastic syndromes
Jerry L. Spivak Hematology Division,
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,
Baltimore, MD, USA
22.3.7: Primary myelofibrosis
Charles L. Sprung Department of Anesthesiology,
Critical Care Medicine and Pain Medicine,
Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew
University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Medicine,
Jerusalem, Israel
17.10: Palliative and end-of-life care in the ICU
Paweł Stankiewicz Department of Molecular and
Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston, TX, USA
3.2: The genomic basis of medicine
Natalie Staplin Clinical Trial Service Unit,
University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
2.4: Large-scale randomized evidence: Trials and
meta-analyses of trials
Paul D. Stein Professor, Department of Osteopathic
Medical Specialties, College of Osteopathic
Medicine, Michigan State University, East
Lansing, MI, USA
16.16.1: Deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary
embolism
Chris Stenton Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS
Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
18.14.11: Toxic gases and aerosols
Dennis L. Stevens Infectious Diseases Section, VA
Medical Center, Boise, ID, USA
8.6.2: Streptococci and enterococci;
8.6.25: Botulism, gas gangrene, and clostridial
gastrointestinal infections
Claire Steves King’s College London, London, UK
6.1: Ageing and clinical medicine
† It is with great regret that we report that J.G.P. Sissons died on 25 September, 2016 and Rosamund Snow died on 2 February, 2017.
Contributors
lxiv
Carmel B. Stober University of Cambridge,
Cambridge, UK
19.8: Reactive arthritis
Nicole Stoesser Nuffield Department of Medicine
Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford,
Oxford, UK
8.6.10: Intracellular klebsiella infections
(donovanosis and rhinoscleroma)
John R. Stradling Oxford Centre for
Respiratory Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital,
Oxford, UK
18.1.1: The upper respiratory tract
Michael A. Stroud Department of Medicine,
University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
10.3.2: Heat; 10.3.3: Cold
Michael Strupp Ludwig Maximilians University,
Munich, Germany
24.6.2: Eye movements and balance
Matthew J. Stuckey School of Veterinary Medicine,
University of California, CA, USA
8.6.43: Bartonellas excluding B. bacilliformis
Peter H. Sugden National Heart and Lung Institute
(NHLI) Division, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial
College London, UK
16.1.2: Cardiac physiology
Mehrunisha Suleman Ethox Centre,
Oxford, UK
1.5: Medical ethics
Joseph Sung Professor of Medicine, lately President
and Vice Chancellor, The Chinese University of
Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
15.8: Peptic ulcer disease
Khuanchai Supparatpinyo Division of Infectious
Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty
of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang
Mai, Thailand; Research Institute for Health
Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai,
Thailand
8.7.6: Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffei
infection
Erik R. Swenson VA Puget Sound Health Care
System, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care
Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle,
WA, USA
10.3.6: Diseases of high terrestrial altitudes
Anthony Swerdlow The Institute of Cancer
Research, University of London, London, UK
5.1: Epidemiology of cancer
David Taggart University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
16.13.6: Coronary artery bypass and valve
surgery
Kathy Taghipour The Whittington Health NHS
Trust, London, UK
23.4: Autoimmune bullous diseases
Penelope Talelli Homerton University Hospitals
NHS Trust, UK
24.7.1: Subcortical structures: The cerebellum, basal
ganglia, and thalamus
Paolo Tammaro Associate Professor, Department
of Pharmacology, University of Oxford,
Oxford, UK
3.4: Ion channels and disease
C.T. Tan University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia
8.5.7: Nipah and Hendra virus encephalitides
Chen Sabrina Tan Harvard Medical School, Boston,
MA, USA
8.5.19: Papillomaviruses and polyomaviruses
T.M. Tan Consultant in Diabetes, Endocrinology,
and Metabolic Medicine, Imperial College
London, London, UK
13.8: Pancreatic endocrine disorders and multiple
endocrine neoplasia; 15.9.1: Hormones and the
gastrointestinal tract; 15.9.2: Carcinoid syndrome
David Taylor-Robinson Section of Retrovirology
and GU Medicine, Department of Infectious
Diseases, Wright-Fleming Institute, Faculty of
Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
8.6.45: Chlamydial infections; 8.6.46: Mycoplasmas
F. Teo National University Hospital, National
University Health System, Singapore, China
18.11.1: Diffuse parenchymal lung disease: An
introduction
R.V. Thakker Academic Endocrine Unit, University
of Oxford, OCDEM, Churchill Hospital,
Oxford, UK
13.4: Parathyroid disorders and diseases altering
calcium metabolism
Nishanthi Thalayasingam Faculty of Medical Sciences,
Newcastle University and Musculoskeletal Unit,
Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation
Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
2.7: Biological therapies for immune,
inflammatory, and allergic diseases
Richard J. Thompson Professor of Molecular
Hepatology, Institute of Liver Studies, King’s
College London, London, UK
15.24.7: Liver and biliary diseases in infancy and
childhood
S.A. Thorne University Hospital, Birmingham, UK
16.12: Congenital heart disease in the adult
Guy E. Thwaites Oxford University Clinical Research
Unit (OUCRU), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
24.11.1: Bacterial infections
C. Louise Thwaites Oxford University Clinical
Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases,
Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Centre for
Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield
Department of Medicine, University of Oxford,
Oxford, UK
8.6.23: Tetanus
Adam D. Timmis Barts Heart Centre, Queen Mary
University London, London, UK
16.13.3: Management of stable angina
Stephen M. Tollman University of the
Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa;
MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health
Transitions Research Unit, School of Public
Health, Faculty of Health Sciences; INDEPTH
Network (International Network for the
Demographic Evaluation of Populations and
Their Health), Accra, Ghana, South Africa;
Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå
University, Sweden
2.18: Fostering medical and health research in
resource-constrained countries
Maciej Tomaszewski Division of Cardiovascular
Sciences, University of Manchester,
Manchester, UK
16.17.4: Mendelian disorders causing
hypertension
Charles Tomson Consultant Nephrologist,
Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon
Tyne, UK
21.13: Urinary tract infection
Pat Tookey Honorary Associate Professor,
Population, Policy and Practice Research
and Teaching Department, University College
London Institute of Child Health,
London, UK
8.5.13: Rubella
Peter Topham Consultant Nephrologist,
John Walls Renal Unit, University Hospitals
of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
21.8.2: Thin membrane nephropathy
Nicholas Torpey Consultant Physician and
Nephrologist, Cambridge University Hospitals,
Cambridge, UK
21.7.3: Renal transplantation
Thomas A. Traill Division of Cardiology, Johns
Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
16.10: Tumours of the heart; 16.11: Cardiac
involvement in genetic disease
A.S. Truswell University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW,
Australia
11.5: Diseases of affluent societies and the need for
dietary change
Steven Tsui Consultant Cardiac Surgeon, Royal
Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
16.5.5: Cardiac transplantation and mechanical
circulatory support
Youyou Tu Professor, Department of Chemistry,
Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China
Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,
Beijing, China
2.8: Traditional medicine exemplified by
traditional Chinese medicine
D.M. Turnbull Wellcome Trust Centre for
Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University,
Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
24.19.5: Mitochondrial disease
A. Neil Turner Professor of Nephrology,
University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical
Research Institute (CIR), Edinburgh, UK
21.10.8: Infection-associated nephropathies;
21.10.9: Malignancy-associated renal disease
Tabitha Turner-Stokes MRC Clinical Research
Fellow, Centre for Inflammatory Disease,
Department of Medicine, Imperial College
London, London, UK
21.8.6: Membranoproliferative
glomerulonephritis
Holm H. Uhlig Translational Gastroenterology
Unit and Department of Paediatrics,
University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital,
Oxford, UK
15.15: Congenital abnormalities of the
gastrointestinal tract
Magnus Unemo WHO Collaborating Centre for
Gonorrhoea and other STIs, Örebro University
Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
8.6.6: Neisseria gonorrhoeae; 8.6.45 Chlamydial
infections
Robert Unwin Department of Renal Medicine,
University College London, London, UK
21.1: Structure and function of the kidney
Contributors
lxv
John A. Vale National Poisons Information Service
(Birmingham Unit) and West Midlands Poisons
Unit; City Hospital, Birmingham; School
of Biosciences, University of Birmingham,
Birmingham, UK
10.4.1: Poisoning by drugs and chemicals
Patrick Vallance GlaxoSmithKline, London, UK
16.1.1: Blood vessels and the endothelium
Greet Van den Berghe Clinical Division and
Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine,
Department of Cellular and Molecular
Medicine, KU Leuven University, B-3000 Leuven,
Belgium
17.9: Metabolic and endocrine changes in acute
and chronic critical illness
Steven Vanderschueren Leuven Research
Department of Microbiology, Immunology
and Transplantation, Laboratory for Clinical
Infectious and Inflammatory Disorders, Clinical
Department of General Internal Medicine,
University Hospital Leuven, B-3000 Leuven,
Belgium
8.2.2: Fever of unknown origin
Sirivan Vanijanonta Department of Clinical
Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical
Medicine, Mahidol University,
Bangkok, Thailand
8.11.3: Lung flukes (paragonimiasis)
Anita Vas-Falcao London School of Hygiene and
Tropical Medicine, London, UK
9.1: Epidemiology of sexually transmitted
infections
Nikos Vasilakis Department of Pathology,
Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious
Diseases, Center for Tropical Diseases,
Institute for Human Infections and Immunity,
University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston,
TX, USA
8.5.14: Flaviviruses excluding dengue
Diana Vassallo Specialist Registrar, Department of
Renal Medicine, Salford Royal NHS Foundation
Trust, Salford, UK
21.10.10: Atherosclerotic renovascular disease
Birgitte Vennervald Section for Parasitology
and Aquatic Diseases, Faculty of Health and
Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen,
Copenhagen, Denmark
8.11.1: Schistosomiasis
Vanessa Venning Department of Dermatology,
Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
23.2: Clinical approach to the diagnosis of skin
disease
Anilrudh A. Venugopal Los Angeles, CA, USA
8.6.11: Anaerobic bacteria
Kristien Verdonck Institute of Tropical Medicine,
Antwerp, Belgium
8.5.25: HTLV-1, HTLV-2, and associated
diseases
Christopher M. Verity Addenbrookes Hospital,
Cambridge, UK
24.20: Developmental abnormalities of the central
nervous system
Benjamin A. Vervaet Laboratory of
Pathophysiology, University of Antwerp,
Antwerp, Belgium
21.9.2: Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis
Diego Viasus Division of Health Sciences, Faculty of
Medicine, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla,
Colombia
8.6.39: Legionellosis and Legionnaires’ disease
Angela Vincent Hon Cons Immunology, Nuffield
Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John
Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
24.24: Autoimmune encephalitis and Morvan’s
syndrome
Raphael P. Viscidi Johns Hopkins Medical
Institution, Baltimore, MD, USA
8.5.19: Papillomaviruses and polyomaviruses
H. Josef Vormoor Clinical Director,
Department of Hemato-oncology, Princess
Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology,
Utrecht, the Netherlands
22.4.2: Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Theo Vos University of Washington, WA, USA
2.3: The Global Burden of Disease: Measuring the
health of populations
Henry J.C. de Vries Academic Medical Centre,
University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the
Netherlands
9.7: Anogenital lumps and bumps
Paresh Vyas Professor of Haematology, MRC
Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall
Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe
Department of Medicine, University of Oxford;
Consultant Haematologist, Department of
Haematology, Cancer and Haematology
Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford
University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust,
Oxford, UK
22.2.1: Cellular and molecular basis of
haematopoiesis
Peter D. Wagner Division of Physiology at the
Department of Medicine, University of California
San Diego, CA, USA
18.1.2: Airways and alveoli
Nicholas Wald Institute of Health Informatics,
University College London, London; Population
Health Research Institute, St George’s University of
London, London; Division of Medical Screening
and Special Testing, Department of Pathology and
Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical
School of Brown University, Rhode Island, USA
2.12: Medical screening
Herman Waldmann Sir William Dunn School of
Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
3.8: The evolution of therapeutic antibodies
Jane Walker Psychological Medicine Research,
University of Oxford Department of Psychiatry,
Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
26.2: The psychiatric assessment of the medical patient;
26.3.4: Low mood
Matthew C. Walker National Hospital of Neurology
and Neurosurgery and UCL Institute of
Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
24.5.2: Narcolepsy
Elizabeth Wallin Transplant Research Immunology
Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences,
University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
4.7: Principles of transplantation immunology
Sarah Walsh King’s College Hospital,
London, UK
23.16: Cutaneous reactions to drugs
T.E. Warkentin Professor, Department of Pathology and
Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine,
Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster
University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
22.7.5: Acquired coagulation disorders
David A. Warrell Nuffield Department of Clinical
Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
8.5.10: Rhabdoviruses: Rabies and rabies-related
lyssaviruses; 8.5.11: Colorado tick fever and other
arthropod-borne reoviruses; 8.5.27: Orf and
Milker’s nodule; 8.5.28: Molluscum contagiosum;
8.6.34: Relapsing fevers; 8.13: Pentastomiasis
(porocephalosis, linguatulosis/linguatuliasis,
or tongue worm infection); 10.4.2: Injuries,
envenoming, poisoning, and allergic reactions
caused by animals; 10.4.3: Poisonous fungi;
24.11.2: Viral infections
Mary J. Warrell Oxford Vaccine Group, University of
Oxford, Oxford, UK
8.5.10: Rhabdoviruses: Rabies and rabies-related
lyssaviruses; 8.5.11: Colorado tick fever and other
arthropod-borne reoviruses
John A.H. Wass University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
13.2.1: Disorders of the anterior pituitary gland;
13.2.2: Disorders of the posterior pituitary gland;
13.10: Hormonal manifestations of non-endocrine
disease
Lawrence Waterman Loughborough University,
Loughborough, UK; Park Health and Safety
Partnership, Aylesbury, UK
10.2.2: Occupational safety
Laurence Watkins The National Hospital for
Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
24.10.3: Traumatic brain injury
Peter Watkinson Nuffield Department of Clinical
Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
8.1.2: Clinical features and general management of
patients with severe infections
Richard A. Watts Department of Rheumatology,
Ipswich Hospital, Ipswich; Norwich Medical
School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
19.11.9: Small vessel vasculitis
Richard W.E. Watts† Division of Inherited Metabolic
Diseases, Northwick Park Hospital, London, UK
12.1: The inborn errors of metabolism: general
aspects; 12.4: Disorders of purine and pyrimidine
metabolism
David J. Weatherall† Weatherall Institute of
Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of
Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
22.6.2: Anaemia: Pathophysiology, classification,
and clinical features; 22.6.3: Anaemia as a
challenge to world health; 22.6.7: Disorders of the
synthesis or function of haemoglobin
G.J. Webb Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal
Research, Institute of Immunology and
Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham,
Birmingham, UK
15.23.2: Autoimmune hepatitis
Lisa J. Webber St Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College
Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
13.6.1: Ovarian disorders
George J. Webster Consultant Hepatologist and
Gastroenterologist, University College Hospital
and Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
15.3.2: Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
† It is with great regret that we report that Richard W.E. Watts died on 11 February, 2018 and David J. Weatherall died on 8 December, 2018.
Contributors
lxvi
Anthony P. Weetman University of Sheffield,
Sheffield, UK
13.3.1: The thyroid gland and disorders of thyroid
function; 13.3.2: Thyroid cancer
Robert A. Weinstein Rush University, Chicago,
IL, USA
8.6.4: Staphylococci
Louis M. Weiss Department of Pathology,
Division of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine;
Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious
Diseases, Albert Einstein College of Medicine,
Bronx, NY, USA
8.7.7: Microsporidiosis; 8.8.7: Cystoisosporiasis
Robin A. Weiss University College London, London, UK
8.5.26: Viruses and cancer
Peter F. Weller William Bosworth Castle Professor
of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston;
Chief of the Infectious Diseases and the Allergy
and Inflammation Divisions, Beth Israel
Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MD, USA
22.3.8: Eosinophilia
A.U. Wells Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Royal
Brompton Hospital, London, UK
18.11.1: Diffuse parenchymal lung disease: An
introduction; 18.11.2: Idiopathic pulmonary
fibrosis; 18.11.3: Bronchiolitis obliterans and
cryptogenic organizing pneumonia; 18.11.4: The
lung in autoimmune rheumatic disorders;
18.11.5: The lung in vasculitis
Simon Wessely Department of Psychological
Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
26.4.2: Psychological treatments
Gilbert C. White, II Aster Chair for Medical
Research, Executive Vice President for Research,
Director, Blood Research Institute, Versiti;
Professor of Medicine, Biochemistry, and
Pharmacology, Associate Dean for Research,
Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee,
WI, USA
22.7.1: The biology of haemostasis and thrombosis
Nicholas J. White Centre for Tropical Medicine and
Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine,
University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
8.8.2: Malaria
Hilton C. Whittle Faculty of Infectious and Tropical
Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical
Medicine, London, UK
8.5.6: Measles
Anthony S. Wierzbicki Department of Metabolic
Medicine/Chemical Pathology, Guy’s and St
Thomas’ Hospitals, London, UK
12.9: Disorders of peroxisomal metabolism
in adults
Mark H. Wilcox Professor of Medical
Microbiology, Microbiology, Old Medical
School, Leeds General Infirmary, and University
of Leeds, Leeds, UK
8.6.24: Clostridium difficile
Kate Wiles Department of Women and Children’s
Health, King’s College London, London, UK
14.5: Renal disease in pregnancy
James S. Wiley Principal Research Fellow, Florey
Institute of Neuroscience, and Mental Health
Honorary Professor, University of Melbourne,
Melbourne, Vic, Australia
22.6.8: Anaemias resulting from defective
maturation of red cells
R.G. Will Professor of Clinical Neurology,
Department of Clinical Neurosciences,
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
24.11.5: Human prion diseases
Lisa Willcocks Consultant Physician and
Nephrologist, Cambridge University Hospitals,
Cambridge, UK
21.8.3: Minimal change nephropathy and focal
segmental glomerulosclerosis
Bryan Williams University College London,
London, UK
16.17.1: Essential hypertension: Definition,
epidemiology, and pathophysiology;
16.17.2: Essential hypertension: Diagnosis,
assessment, and treatment
David J. Williams Obstetric Physician, Institute for
Women’s Health, University College London
Hospital, London, UK
14.1: Physiological changes of normal pregnancy;
14.2: Nutrition in pregnancy; 14.3: Medical
management of normal pregnancy
Catherine Williamson Professor of Women’s
Health, King’s College London and Honorary
Consultant in Obstetric Medicine, St Thomas’
and King’s College Hospitals, London, UK
14.9: Liver and gastrointestinal diseases of
pregnancy
Bridget Wills Centre for Tropical Medicine
and Global Health, Nuffield Department of
Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK;
Oxford University Clinical Research Unit,
Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh
City, Vietnam
8.5.15: Dengue; 24.11.2: Viral infections
R. Wilson Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS
Trust, London, UK
18.9: Bronchiectasis
Greg Winter MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology,
Cambridge, UK
3.8: The evolution of therapeutic antibodies
Miles Witham AGE Research Group, NIHR
Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre,
Newcastle University and Newcastle upon Tyne
Hospitals Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
6.7: Drugs and prescribing in the older patient
Fenella Wojnarowska Nuffield Department of
Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
14.13: The skin in pregnancy; 23.4: Autoimmune
bullous diseases
Edwin K.S. Wong Institute of Genetic Medicine,
Newcastle University, Newcastle upon
Tyne, UK
21.10.6: Haemolytic uraemic syndrome
James L.N. Wood University of Cambridge,
Cambridge, UK
8.1.1: Biology of pathogenic microorganisms
Jonathan Wood Substance Misuse Psychiatry,
Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS
Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
26.5.4: Alcohol misuse
Kathryn J. Wood Transplant Research Immunology
Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences,
University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
4.7: Principles of transplantation immunology
Nicholas Wood University College London,
London, UK
24.7.4: Ataxic disorders
Andrew F. Woodhouse Department of Infection
and Tropical Medicine, Birmingham Heartlands
Hospital, Birmingham, UK
8.6.32: Rat bite fevers (Streptobacillus moniliformis
and Spirillum minus infection)
Jeremy Woodward Cambridge Intestinal Failure
and Transplant Unit, Addenbrooke’s Hospital,
Cambridge, UK
11.7: Artificial nutrition support; 15.2: Symptoms
of gastrointestinal disease
Elaine M. Worcester Professor of Medicine,
Nephrology Section, Department of Medicine,
University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
21.14: Disorders of renal calcium handling, urinary
stones, and nephrocalcinosis
B. Paul Wordsworth Emeritus Professor of
Clinical Rheumatology, Nuffield Department
of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and
Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research
Centre, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre,
Headington, Oxford, UK
20.1: Skeletal disorders—general approach and
clinical conditions
Gary P. Wormser New York Medical College, NY, USA
8.6.33: Lyme borreliosis
Mark Wright Consultant Gastroenterologist, University
Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
15.25: Diseases of the gallbladder and biliary tree
Channa Jayasumana Faculty of Medicine, Rajatrata
University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
21.9.2: Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis
Muhammad M. Yaqoob Barts Health NHS Trust,
Renal Unit, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
21.17: Urinary tract obstruction
Hasan Yazici Department of Medicine
(Rheumatology), Academic Hospital,
Istanbul, Turkey
19.11.10: Behçet’s syndrome
Lam Minh Yen Oxford University Clinical Research
Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi
Minh City, Vietnam
8.6.23: Tetanus
Duncan Young Nuffield Department of Clinical
Neurosciences, University of Oxford,
Oxford, UK
8.1.2: Clinical features and general management of
patients with severe infections
Katherine Younger School of Biological and Health
Sciences, Technological University Dublin,
Dublin, Ireland
11.3: Minerals and trace elements
Sebahattin Yurdakul Division of Rheumatology,
Department of Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical
Faculty, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
19.11.10: Behçet’s syndrome
Alberto Zanella Oncohematology Unit—
Pathophysiology of Anemias Unit, Foundation
IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore, Milan, Italy
22.6.10: Erythrocyte enzymopathies
Adam Zeman Professor of Cognitive and
Behavioural Neurology, University of Exeter
Medical School, Exeter, UK
24.2: Mind and brain: Building bridges between
neurology, psychiatry, and psychology
Clive S. Zent University of Rochester Medical
Center, Rochester, NY, USA
22.4.5: Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
SECTION 22
Haematological disorders
Section editors: Chris Hatton and Deborah Hay
22.1 Introduction to haematology 5169
Chris Hatton
22.2 Haemopoiesis 5172
22.2.1 Cellular and molecular basis of
haematopoiesis 5172
Paresh Vyas and N. Asger Jakobsen
22.2.2 Diagnostic techniques in the assessment of
haematological malignancies 5181
Wendy N. Erber
22.3 Myeloid disease 5189
22.3.1 Granulocytes in health and disease 5189
Joseph Sinning and Nancy Berliner
22.3.2 Myelodysplastic syndromes 5197
Charlotte K. Brierley and David P. Steensma
22.3.3 Acute myeloid leukaemia 5205
Nigel Russell and Alan Burnett
22.3.4 Chronic myeloid leukaemia 5213
Mhairi Copland and Tessa L. Holyoake
22.3.5 The polycythaemias 5227
Daniel Aruch and Ronald Hoffman
22.3.6 Thrombocytosis and essential
thrombocythaemia 5239
Daniel Aruch and Ronald Hoffman
22.3.7 Primary myelofibrosis 5247
Evan M. Braunstein and Jerry L. Spivak
22.3.8 Eosinophilia 5254
Peter F. Weller
22.3.9 Histiocytosis 5259
Chris Hatton
22.4 Lymphoid disease 5263
22.4.1 Introduction to lymphopoiesis 5263
Caron A. Jacobson and Nancy Berliner
22.4.2 Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 5269
H. Josef Vormoor, Tobias F. Menne, and
Anthony V. Moorman
22.4.3 Hodgkin lymphoma 5280
Vijaya Raj Bhatt and James O. Armitage
22.4.4 Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 5288
Vijaya Raj Bhatt and James O. Armitage
22.4.5 Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia 5302
Clive S. Zent and Aaron Polliack
22.4.6 Plasma cell myeloma and related monoclonal
gammopathies 5310
S. Vincent Rajkumar and Robert A. Kyle
22.5 Bone marrow failure 5325
22.5.1 Inherited bone marrow failure
syndromes 5325
Irene Roberts and Inderjeet S. Dokal
22.5.2 Acquired aplastic anaemia and pure red cell
aplasia 5336
Judith C.W. Marsh, Shreyans Gandhi, and
Ghulam J. Mufti
22.5.3 Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria 5348
Lucio Luzzatto
22.6 Erythroid disorders 5354
22.6.1 Erythropoiesis 5354
Vijay G. Sankaran
22.6.2 Anaemia: pathophysiology, classification, and
clinical features 5359
David J. Weatherall and Chris Hatton
22.6.3 Anaemia as a challenge to world health 5366
David J. Roberts and David J. Weatherall
22.6.4 Iron metabolism and its disorders 5371
Timothy M. Cox and John B. Porter
22.6.5 Anaemia of inflammation 5402
Sant-Rayn Pasricha and Hal Drakesmith
22.6.6 Megaloblastic anaemia and miscellaneous
deficiency anaemias 5407
A.V. Hoffbrand
22.6.7 Disorders of the synthesis or function of
haemoglobin 5426
Deborah Hay and David J. Weatherall
22.6.8 Anaemias resulting from defective maturation
of red cells 5450
Stephen J. Fuller and James S. Wiley
22.6.9
Disorders of the red cell membrane 5456
Patrick G. Gallagher
22.6.10 Erythrocyte enzymopathies 5463
Alberto Zanella and Paola Bianchi
22.6.11 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
deficiency 5472
Lucio Luzzatto
22.6.12 Acquired haemolytic anaemia 5479
Amy Powers and Leslie Silberstein
22.7 Haemostasis 5490
22.7.1
The biology of haemostasis and
thrombosis 5490
Gilbert C. White, II, Harold R. Roberts,
and Nigel S. Key
22.7.2
Evaluation of the patient with a bleeding
tendency 5509
Trevor Baglin
22.7.3 Thrombocytopenia and disorders of platelet
function 5520
Nicola Curry and Susie Shapiro
22.7.4 Genetic disorders of coagulation 5532
Eleanor S. Pollak and Katherine A. High
22.7.5 Acquired coagulation disorders 5546
T.E. Warkentin
22.8 Transfusion and transplantation 5563
22.8.1 Blood transfusion 5563
D.S. Giovanniello and E.L. Snyder
22.8.2 Haemopoietic stem cell transplantation 5579
E.C. Gordon-Smith and Emma C. Morris
SECTION 22 Haematological disorders
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