02 - References

References

478 The Maudsley® Prescribing Guidelines in Psychiatry CHAPTER 4 ■ ■evidence of tolerance ■ ■neglect of alternative interests ■ ■persistent use despite harm. Substance use disorders should generally be treated with a combination of psychosocial and pharmacological interventions. This chapter concentrates on pharmacological interventions for alcohol, opioids and nicotine use. Treatments for people misusing benzodiazepines, GHB/GBL and stimulants are discussed briefly. Note that various National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines and technology appraisals and Department of Health substance misuse guidelines (the ‘Orange Book’)3 provide a comprehensive overview of treatment options. UK national guidance on the treatment of alcohol-­related problems is awaiting publication at the time of writing.4 References

1. World Health Organization. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. 2018 (last accessed September 2024); https://www.who.int/news-­room/spotlight/international-­classification-­of-­diseases.
2. Public Health England. Better care for people with co-­occurring mental health and alcohol/drug use conditions. A guide for commissioners and service providers. 2017; https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/625809/Co-­occurring_mental_ health_and_alcohol_drug_use_conditions.pdf.
3. Gov.UK Department of Health and Social Care. Drug misuse and dependence: UK guidelines on clinical management. 2017; https://www. gov.uk/government/publications/drug-­misuse-­and-­dependence-­uk-­guidelines-­on-­clinical-­management.
4. Gov.UK Department of Health and Social Care. Closed consultation. UK clinical guidelines for alcohol treatment: consultation document. 2023; https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/uk-­clinical-­guidelines-­for-­alcohol-­treatment/uk-­clinical-­guidelines-­for-­alcohol-­treatment-­consultation-­ document.