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35 - References

References

Prescribing in older people CHAPTER 6 Drug Specific indication/ additional notes Starting dose Usual maintenance dose Maximum dose in elderly Zolpidem Insomnia (short-term use – up to 4 weeks) 5mg nocte 5mg nocte 5mg nocte Zopiclone Insomnia (short-term use – up to 4 weeks) 3.75mg nocte 3.75–7.5mg nocte 7.5mg nocte Where no references were given the British National Formulary (BNF) October 20231 was used. *There is no specific information available in the literature for these drug doses in elderly patients. The doses stated are a guide only. Where there are no data, the maximum doses are conservative and may be exceeded if the drug is well tolerated and following clinician’s assessment. †NB All antipsychotic drugs contain warnings for increased mortality in elderly patients with dementia. bd, twice a day; BPSD, behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia; CrCl, creatinine clearance; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; EPSE, extrapyramidal side effects; ESRD, end-­stage renal disease; mane, in the morning; nocte, at night; po, by mouth; prn, as required; tds, three times a day. References

  1. Joint Formulary Committee. British National Formulary (online). London: BMJ and Pharmaceutical Press; http://www.medicinescomplete.com.
  2. Prescribers’ Digital Reference (PDR) by Connective Rx®. Bupropion – drug summary. 2023 (last assessed October 2023); https://www.pdr.net/ drug-­summary/?drugLabelId=237.
  3. Keam SJ. Dextromethorphan/bupropion: first approval. CNS Drugs 2022; 36:1229–1238.
  4. Mylan. Summary of product characteristics. Clomipramine 25mg capsules, hard. 2021 (last checked December 2023); https://www.medicines. org.uk/emc/medicine/33260.
  5. Prescribers’ Digital Reference (PDR) by Connective Rx®. Desvenlafaxine – drug summary. 2023 (last accessed October 2023); https://www. pdr.net/drug-­summary/?drugLabelId=3333.
  6. Eli Lilly and Company Ltd. Summary of product characteristics. Cymbalta 30mg, 60mg hard gastro-­resistant capsules. 2023; https://www. medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/15694.
  7. Zentiva. Summary of product characteristics. Molipaxin 100mg/trazodone 100mg capsules. 2021 (last checked December 2023); https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/26734.
  8. Lundbeck Ltd. Summary of product characteristics. Brintellix 10mg film-­coated tablets (vortioxetine). 2023; https://www.medicines.org.uk/ emc/product/10441/smpc;%202022.
  9. Muller MJ, et al. Amisulpride doses and plasma levels in different age groups of patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. J Psychopharmacol 2009; 23:278–286.
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  12. Prescribers’ Digital Reference (PDR) by Connective Rx®. Brexpiprazole – drug summary. 2023 (last accessed October 2023); https://www. pdr.net/drug-­summary/?drugLabelId=3759.
  13. Prescribers’ Digital Reference (PDR) by Connective Rx®. Cariprazine – drug summary. 2023 (last accessed October 2023); https://www.pdr. net/drug-­summary/?drugLabelId=3792.
  14. Szatmári B, et al. Cariprazine safety in adolescents and the elderly: analyses of clinical study data. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:61.
  15. Jeste DV, et al. Conventional vs. newer antipsychotics in elderly patients. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 1999; 7:70–76.
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  17. Parkinson Study Group. Low-­dose clozapine for the treatment of drug-­induced psychosis in Parkinson’s disease. N Engl J Med 1999; 340:757–763.
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  19. Intra-­Cellular Therapies, Inc. Highlights of prescribing information. CAPLYTA (lumateperone) capsules, for oral use. 2019; https://www. accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/209500s000lbl.pdf.
  20. CNX Therapeutics Ltd (formerly Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Europe). Summary of product characteristics. Latuda 18.5mg, 37mg and 74mg film-­coated tablets. 2022 (last checked December 2023); https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/3299/smpc.
  21. Alkermes, Inc. Highlights of prescribing information. LYBALVI® (olanzapine and samidorphan) tablets, for oral use. 2023; https://www. lybalvi.com/lybalvi-­prescribing-­information.pdf.
  22. ACADIA Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Highlights of prescribing information. Nuplazid (pimavanserin) tablets for oral use. 2016; https://www. accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/207318lbl.pdf.
  23. Prescribers’ Digital Reference (PDR) by Connective Rx®. Pimavanserin – drug summary. 2023 (last accessed October 2023); https://www. pdr.net/drug-­summary/?drugLabelId=3909#dosing-­considerations.

712 The Maudsley® Prescribing Guidelines in Psychiatry CHAPTER 6 24. Otsuka Pharmaceuticals (UK) Ltd. Summary of product characteristics. Abilify Maintena 300mg powder and solvent for prolonged-­release suspension for injection in pre-­filled syringe (aripiprazole). 2022 (last checked December 2023); https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/ product/12955/smpc%202022. 25. Eli Lily and Company Ltd. Summary of product characteristics. Zypadhera 210mg powder and solvent for prolonged release suspension for injection (olanzapine). 2023; https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/6429/smpc. 26. Janssen-­Cilag Ltd. Summary of product characteristics. TREVICTA 175mg, 263mg, 350mg, 525mg prolonged release suspension for injection (paliperidone). 2023; https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/32050. 27. Janssen-­Cilag Ltd. Summary of product characteristics. Byannli 700mg prolonged-­release suspension for injection in pre-­filled syringe (paliperidone). 2023; https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/13307/smpc. 28. Janssen-­Cilag Ltd. Summary of product characteristics. RISPERDAL CONSTA 25mg powder and solvent for prolonged-­release suspension for intramuscular injection (risperidone). 2022 (last checked December 2023); https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/9939. 29. Essential Pharma Ltd. Summary of product characteristics. Camcolit 400mg controlled release lithium carbonate. 2023; https://www.medicines. org.uk/emc/product/10829/smpc. 30. Idorsia Pharmaceuticals US, Inc. Highlights of prescribing information. QUVIVIQ (daridorexant) tablets, for oral use (controlled substance schedule pending). 2022 (last checked December 2023); https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2022/214985s000lbl.pdf. 31. Eisai, Inc. Medication guide. DAYVIGO™ (lemborexant) tablets, for oral use (controlled substance schedule pending). 2019; https://www. accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/212028s000lbl.pdf#page=21. 32. Upjohn UK Ltd. Summary of product characteristics. Lyrica (pregabalin) 25mg, 50mg, 75mg, 100mg, 150mg, 200mg, 225mg, 300mg capsules. 2023; https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/10303/smpc.

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