Skip to main content

14 - References

References

496 The Maudsley® Prescribing Guidelines in Psychiatry CHAPTER 4 ­optimised11 and clozapine may be considered. However, there is insufficient evidence to recommend the use of any one antipsychotic medication over another in AUD. Antipsychotics do not improve AUD itself.51 References

  1. Gov.UK Department of Health and Social Care. UK Chief Medical Officers’ low risk drinking guidelines. 2016 (last accessed August 2024); https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/alcohol-­consumption-­advice-­on-­low-­risk-­drinking.
  2. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Alcohol-­use disorders: diagnosis, assessment and management of harmful drinking ­(high-­risk drinking) and alcohol dependence. Clinical guideline [CG115]. 2011 (last checked July 2019, last accessed August 2024); https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg115.
  3. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Alcohol-­use disorders: prevention. Public health guideline [PH24]. 2010 (last checked July 2019, last accessed August 2024; updated 2010). https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ph24.
  4. Babor T, et al. AUDIT: The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test Guidelines for Use in Primary Care, 2nd edn. 2001; https://iris.who. int/handle/10665/67205.
  5. Stockwell T, et al. The severity of alcohol dependence questionnaire: its use, reliability and validity. Br J Addict 1983; 78:145–155.
  6. Minozzi S, et al. Anticonvulsants for alcohol withdrawal. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; 3:CD005064.
  7. Amato L, et al. Efficacy and safety of pharmacological interventions for the treatment of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011; 6:CD008537.
  8. Brathen G, et al. EFNS guideline on the diagnosis and management of alcohol-­related seizures: report of an EFNS task force. Eur J Neurol 2005; 12:575–581.
  9. Lingford-­Hughes AR, et al. Evidence-­based guidelines for the pharmacological management of substance abuse, harmful use, addiction and comorbidity: recommendations from BAP. J Psychopharmacol 2012; 26:899–952.
  10. NSW Government. Clinical guidance for withdrawal from alcohol and other drugs. 2023 (last accessed August 2024); https://www.health. nsw.gov.au/aod/professionals/Pages/clinical-­guidance.aspx.
  11. Schuckit MA. Recognition and management of withdrawal delirium (delirium tremens). N Engl J Med 2014; 371:2109–2113.
  12. Sullivan JT, et al. Assessment of alcohol withdrawal: the revised clinical institute withdrawal assessment for alcohol scale (CIWA-­Ar). Br J Addict 1989; 84:1353–1357.
  13. Gossop M, et al. A Short Alcohol Withdrawal Scale (SAWS): development and psychometric properties. Addict Biol 2002; 7:37–43.
  14. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Alcohol-­use disorders: diagnosis and management of physical complications. Clinical guideline [CG100]. 2010 (last updated April 2017, last accessed August 2024); https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg100.
  15. Bahji A, et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapies for alcohol withdrawal: a systematic review and network meta-­analysis. Addiction 2022; 117:2591–2601.
  16. Fluyau D, et al. Beyond benzodiazepines: a meta-­analysis and narrative synthesis of the efficacy and safety of alternative options for alcohol withdrawal syndrome management. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 79:1147–1157.
  17. Thomson AD, et al. Time to act on the inadequate management of Wernicke’s encephalopathy in the UK. Alcohol Alcohol 2013; 48:4–8.
  18. Thomson AD, et al. The Royal College of Physicians report on alcohol: guidelines for managing Wernicke’s encephalopathy in the accident and emergency department. Alcohol Alcohol 2002; 37:513–521.
  19. Day E, et al. Thiamine for prevention and treatment of Wernicke-­Korsakoff syndrome in people who abuse alcohol. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013; 7:CD004033.
  20. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. CKS: Alcohol – problem drinking: supporting evidence. 2023 (last accessed September 2024); https://cks.nice.org.uk/topics/alcohol-­problem-­drinking/supporting-­evidence.
  21. Burnette EM, et al. Novel agents for the pharmacological treatment of alcohol use disorder. Drugs 2022; 82:251–274.
  22. Köhne S, et al. Emerging drugs in phase II and III clinical development for the treatment of alcohol use disorder. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2024; 29:219–232.
  23. Rösner S, et al. Acamprosate for alcohol dependence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; 9:CD004332.
  24. Rösner S, et al. Opioid antagonists for alcohol dependence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; 12:CD001867.
  25. AOP Orphan Ltd. Summary of product characteristics. Adepend (naltrexone hydrochloride) 50mg filmcoated tablets. 2020 (last accessed August 2024); https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/3559/smpc.
  26. Leighty AE, et al. Treatment outcomes of long-­acting injectable naltrexone versus oral naltrexone in alcohol use disorder in veterans. Ment Health Clin 2019; 9:392–396.
  27. Krupitsky E, et al. Injectable extended-­release naltrexone (XR-­NTX) for opioid dependence: long-­term safety and effectiveness. Addiction 2013; 108:1628–1637.
  28. Soyka M, et al. Comparing nalmefene and naltrexone in alcohol dependence: are there any differences? Results from an indirect ­meta-­analysis. Pharmacopsychiatry 2016; 49:66–75.
  29. Palpacuer C, et  al. Risks and benefits of nalmefene in the treatment of adult alcohol dependence: a systematic literature review and ­meta-­analysis of published and unpublished double-­blind randomized controlled trials. PLoS Med 2015; 12:e1001924.
  30. Kotake K, et  al. Efficacy and safety of alcohol reduction pharmacotherapy according to treatment duration in patients with alcohol ­dependence or alcohol use disorder: a systematic review and network meta-­analysis. Addiction 2024; 119:815–832.
  31. Mutschler J, et al. Current findings and mechanisms of action of disulfiram in the treatment of alcohol dependence. Pharmacopsychiatry 2016; 49:137–141.

Addictions and substance misuse CHAPTER 4 32. Bahji A, et al. Pharmacotherapies for adults with alcohol use disorders: a systematic review and network meta-­analysis. J Addict Med 2022; 16:630–638. 33. Agabio R, et al. Baclofen for alcohol use disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023; 1:CD012557. 34. Pani PP, et al. Anticonvulsants for alcohol dependence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 2014:CD008544. 35. Votaw VR, et al. An intensive longitudinal examination of topiramate treatment for alcohol use disorder: a secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial. Addiction 2023; 118:1040–1052. 36. Morley KC, et al. Topiramate versus naltrexone for alcohol use disorder: a genotype-­stratified double-­blind randomized controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry 2024; 181:403–411. 37. Kranzler HR, et al. A meta-­analysis of the efficacy of gabapentin for treating alcohol use disorder. Addiction 2019; 114:1547–1555. 38. UK Teratology Information Service (UKTIS). 2024; www.UKTIS.org. 39. O’Malley SS, et al. Reduction of alcohol drinking in young adults by naltrexone: a double-­blind, placebo-­controlled, randomized clinical trial of efficacy and safety. J Clin Psychiatry 2015; 76:e207–e213. 40. Miranda R, et al. Effects of naltrexone on adolescent alcohol cue reactivity and sensitivity: an initial randomized trial. Addict Biol 2014; 19:941–954. 41. Roos CR, et al. Reward drinking and naltrexone treatment response among young adult heavy drinkers. Addiction 2021; 116:2360–2371. 42. Joshi P, et al. Evaluation and management of alcohol use disorder among older adults. Curr Geriatr Rep 2021; 10:82–90. 43. Gudin JA, et al. Risks, management, and monitoring of combination opioid, benzodiazepines, and/or alcohol use. Postgrad Med 2013; 125:115–130. 44. Pettinati HM, et al. Gender differences with high-­dose naltrexone in patients with co-­occurring cocaine and alcohol dependence. J Subst Abuse Treat 2008; 34:378–390. 45. Kampman KM, et al. A double-­blind, placebo-­controlled trial of topiramate for the treatment of comorbid cocaine and alcohol dependence. Drug Alcohol Depend 2013; 133:94–99. 46. Public Health England. Better care for people with co-­occurring mental health and alcohol/drug use conditions. A guide for commissioners and service providers. 2017; https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/625809/Co-­occurring_mental_ health_and_alcohol_drug_use_conditions.pdf. 47. Agabio R, et al. Antidepressants for the treatment of people with co-­occurring depression and alcohol dependence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 4:CD008581. 48. Stokes PRA, et al. Pharmacological treatment of mood disorders and comorbid addictions: a systematic review and meta-­analysis: Traitement Pharmacologique des Troubles de L’humeur et des Dépendances Comorbides: une Revue Systématique et une Méta-­Analyse. Can J Psychiatry 2020; 65:749–769. 49. Di Nicola M, et al. Update on pharmacological treatment for comorbid major depressive and alcohol use disorders: the role of extended-­ release trazodone. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:2195–2205. 50. Taylor D, et al. The cardiovascular safety of tricyclic antidepressants in overdose and in clinical use. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol 2024; 14:20451253241243297. 51. Wood E, et al. Canadian guideline for the clinical management of high-­risk drinking and alcohol use disorder. CMAJ 2023; 195:E1364–E1379. 52. Pettinati HM, et al. A double-­blind, placebo-­controlled trial combining sertraline and naltrexone for treating co-­occurring depression and alcohol dependence. Am J Psychiatry 2010; 167:668–675. 53. Adamson SJ, et  al. A randomized trial of combined citalopram and naltrexone for nonabstinent outpatients with co-­occurring alcohol dependence and major depression. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2015; 35:143–149. 54. Kelson M, et al. Ketamine treatment for alcohol use disorder: a systematic review. Cureus 2023; 15:e38498. 55. Stedman M, et  al. A double-­blind, placebo-­controlled study with quetiapine as adjunct therapy with lithium or divalproex in bipolar I patients with coexisting alcohol dependence. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2010; 34:1822–1831. 56. Ipser JC, et al. Pharmacotherapy for anxiety and comorbid alcohol use disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015; 1:CD007505. 57. Verplaetse TL, et al. Pharmacotherapy for co-­occurring alcohol use disorder and post-­traumatic stress disorder: targeting the opioidergic, noradrenergic, serotonergic, and GABAergic/glutamatergic systems. Alcohol Res 2018; 39:193–205. 58. Morice CK, et al. Comorbid alcohol use and post-­traumatic stress disorders: pharmacotherapy with aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 inhibitors versus current agents. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 115:110506. 59. Brown & Burk UK Ltd. Summary of product characteristics. Disulfiram 200mg tablets. 2023 (last accessed August 2024); https://www.medicines. org.uk/emc/product/11168.

No comments to display

Back to top