10 Principles of minimal access surgery

Analgesia The type and extent of analgesic requirement will depend on both the patient and proce...

DEFINITION Minimal access surgery is a product of modern technology and surgical innovation that...

DISCHARGE FROM HOSPITAL The discharge of patients is based on clinical indicators and the patien...

Direct robotic systems and hybrid robotic surgery In addition to the remote master–slave platform...

Disadvantages of robotic surgery Cost Robotic surgery remains more costly than minimally invasive...

Drains The use of postoperative drains depends on the operation performed. Drain output should in...

Endoluminal endoscopy and natural orifice surgery Flexible or rigid endoscopes are introduced into...

Endoscopic surgery Lack of three-dimensional vision To perform minimal access surgery with safety...

FURTHER DEVELOPMENTS Augmented reality and minimal access surgical adjuncts The future of minima...

FURTHER DEVELOPMENTS Augmented reality and minimal access surgical adjuncts The future of minima...

GENERAL INTRAOPERATIVE PRINCIPLES Many minimal access procedures have a unique set of proce - du...

History of minimal access surgery The first experimental laparoscopic procedure was performed by K...

History of robotic surgery The first documented clinical robotic procedure was a computed tomograp...

Hybrid minimal access surgery Hybrid surgery may utilise a combination of flexible and straight s...

Introduction No content extracted automatically.

LIMITATIONS OF MINIMAL ACCESS SURGERY Minimal access surgery has limitations. A number of these ...

Learning objectives To understand: The principles of minimal access surgery • The advantages and ...

MINIMAL ACCESS APPROACHES Laparoscopy A rigid endoscope is introduced through a port into the per...

Mobility and convalescence Patients can get out of bed to go to the toilet as soon as they have ...

Operative problems Intraoperative perforation of a viscus or vascular injury Perforation of any ...

Oral feeding Provided that the patient has an appetite, a light meal can be taken 4–6 hours after...

Oral fluids There is no significant ileus after minimal access surgery , except in abdominal resect...

Orogastric or nasogastric tube An orogastric or nasogastric tube may be placed for some abdominal...

PERIOPERATIVE PLANNING FOR MINIMAL ACCESS SURGERY PERIOPERATIVE PLANNING FOR MINIMAL ACCESS SUR...

POSTOPERATIVE CARE The postoperative care of patients after minimal access surgery - is general...

Perivisceral endoscopy Body planes can be accessed even in the absence of a natural cavity . Exa...

Port site pain and numbness Pain in one or other of the port site wounds is not uncommon and is ...

Preparation of the patient Although the patient may be in hospital for a shorter period, - carefu...

Principles of electrosurgery during laparoscopic surgery Inadvertent electrosurgical injuries dur...

Principles of electrosurgery during laparoscopic surgery Inadvertent electrosurgical injuries dur...

ROBOTIC SURGERY A robot is a mechanical device that performs automated phys - ical tasks accordin...

SURGICAL TRAUMA IN OPEN, MINIMALL Y INVASIVE AND ROBOTIC SURGERY Most of the trauma of an open pr...

SURGICAL TRAUMA IN OPEN, MINIMALL Y INVASIVE AND ROBOTIC SURGERY Most of the trauma of an open pr...

Shoulder tip pain Patients should be warned about this preoperatively and informed that the pain ...

Single-incision minimal access surgery Single-incision minimal access surgery has varied in pop...

Skin sutures If non-absorbable sutures or skin staples have been used, they can be removed from ...

THE FUTURE Minimal access surgery has changed surgical practice; however, it has not changed the ...

THEATRE SET-UP AND TOOLS Operating theatre design is key to e ffi ciency . Modern theatres are desi...

Thoracoscopy A rigid endoscope is introduced through an incision placed - between the ribs to gai...

Uptake of robotic surgery Many surgical specialties have embraced robot-assisted techniques, incl...

Urinary catheter The requirement for a urinary catheter depends on the opera - tion. In shorter (...

surgery Arthroscopy was one of the earliest applications of endoscopic techniques, first being a...