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REFERENCES

REFERENCES

1 Atta HM. Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus: the oldest known surgi - cal treatise. Am Surg 1999; 65 (12): 1190–2. 2 North Atlantic Treaty Organization. NATO logistics handbook . Brus - sels: NATO Headquarters, 2012. Available from https://www .nato. int/docu/logi-en/logistics_hndbk_2012-en.pdf. 3 Lerner EB, Moscati RM. The golden hour: scientific fact or medi - cal ‘urban legend’? Acad Emerg Med 2001; 8 (7): 758–60. 4 Howard JT , Kotwal RS, Santos-Lazada AR et al . Reexamination of a battlefield trauma golden hour policy . J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2018; 84 (1): 11–18. 5 Fisher AD, Teeter WA, Cordova CB et al . The role I resuscitation team and resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta. J Spec Oper Med 2017; 17 (2): 65–73. 6 Russo RM, Williams TK, Grayson JK et al . Extending the gold - en hour: partial resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta in a highly lethal swine liver injury model. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2016; 80 (3): 372–80. 7 Benavides LC, Smith IM, Benavides JM et al . Deployed skills train - ing for whole blood collection by a special operations expedition - ary surgical team. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2017; 82 (6S Suppl 1): S96–102. 8 Nettesheim N, Powell D, Vasios W et al . Telemedical support for military medicine. Mil Med 2018; 183 (11–12): e462–70. 9 Champion HR, Bellamy RF , Roberts CP , Leppaniemi A. A profile of combat injury . J Trauma 2003; 54 (5 Suppl): S13–19. 10 Owens BD, Kragh JF , Wenke JC et al . Combat wounds in opera - tion Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom. J Trauma 2008; 64 (2): 295–9. 11 Eastridge BJ, Hardin M, Cantrell J et al . Died of wounds on the battlefield: causation and implications for improving combat casu - alty care. J Trauma 2011; 71 : S4–8. 12 Hodgetts TJ. ABC to <C>ABC: redefining the military trauma paradigm. Emerg Med J 2006; 23 (10): 745–6. 13 Morrison JJ, Stannard A, Rasmussen TE et al . Injury pattern and mortality of noncompressible torso hemorrhage in UK combat ca - sualties. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2013; 75 (2 Suppl 2): S263–8. 14 Morrison JJ, Ross JD, Rasmussen TE et al . Resuscitative endovas - cular balloon occlusion of the aorta: a gap analysis of severely in - jured UK combat casualties. Shock 2014; 41 (5): 388–93. 15 Rotondo M, Schwab C. ‘Damage control’: an approach for im - proved survival in exsanguinating penetrating abdominal injury . J Trauma 1993; 35 (3): 375–82. 16 Garner J, Watts S, Parry C et al . Prolonged permissive hypotensive resuscitation is associated with poor outcome in primary blast inju - ry with controlled hemorrhage. Ann Surg 2010; 251 (6): 1131–9. 17 Khan S, Brohi K, Chana M et al . Hemostatic resuscitation is nei - ther hemostatic nor resuscitative in trauma hemorrhage. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2014; 76 (3): 561–7; discussion 567–8. 18 Jansen JO, Morrison JJ, Midwinter MJ, Doughty H. Changes in blood transfusion practices in the UK role 3 medical treatment fa - cility in Afghanistan, 2008-2011. Transfus Med 2014; 24 (3): 154– 61. 19 Naumann DN, Khan MA, Smith JE et al . Future strategies for J /uni00A0 Trauma Acute Care Surg 2019; 86 : 163–6. 20 Breeze J, Penn-Barwell J, Keene D et al (eds). Ballistic trauma: a practical guide , 4th edn. Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2017. 21 Stuhmiller J, Phillips Y , Richmond DR. The physics and mecha nisms of primary blast injury . In: Bellamy RF , Zajtchuk R (eds). Conventional warfare: ballistic, blast and burn injuries . Washington, DC: Department of the Army , O ffi ce of the Surgeon General, 1991: 241–70. 22 Ramasamy A, Hill AM, Clasper JC. Improvised explosive devices: pathophysiology , injury profiles and current medical management. J R Army Med Corps 2009; 155 (4): 265–72. 23 Cooper GJ, Taylor DE. Biophysics of impact injury to the chest and abdomen. J R Army Med Corps 1989; 135 (2): 58–67. 24 Guy RJ, Kirkman E, Watkins PE, Cooper GJ. Physiologic respons es to primary blast. J Trauma 1998; 45 (6): 983–7. 25 Owers C, Morgan JL, Garner JP . Abdominal trauma in primary blast injury . Br J Surg 2011; 98 (2): 168–79. 26 Singleton JA, Gibb IE, Hunt NC et al . Identifying future ‘unex pected’ survivors: a retrospective cohort study of fatal injury pat terns in victims of improvised explosive devices. BMJ Open 3 (8): e003130. patterns: a forensic biomechanical approach. J R Soc Interface 2011; 8 (58): 689–98. 28 Webster C, Masouros S, Gibb I, Clasper JC. Fracture patterns in pelvic blast injury: a retrospective analysis and implications for fu - - ture preventative strategies. Bone Joint J 2015; 97-B (Suppl 8): 14. 29 Pearce AP , Bull AMJ, Clasper JC. Mediastinal injury is the stron - gest predictor of mortality in mounted blast amongst UK deployed forces. Injury 2017; 48 (9): 1900–5. 30 Cannon JW , Hofmann LJ, Glasgow SC et al . Dismounted complex blast injuries: a comprehensive review of the modern combat ex - perience. J Am Coll Surg 2016; 223 (4): 652–64. 31 Smith S, Devine M, Taddeo J, McAlister VC. Injury profile suf - fered by targets of antipersonnel improvised explosive devices: pro - spective cohort study . - BMJ Open 2017; 7 (7): e014697. 32 Rees P , Waller B, Buckley AM et al . REBOA at Role 2 Afloat: re - suscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta as a bridge to damage control surgery in the military maritime setting. J R Army Med Corps - 2018; 164 (2): 72–6. - 33 Sharma DM, Webster CE, Kirkman-Brown J et al . Blast injury to the perineum. 2013; BMJ Mil Health 2013; 159 : i1-i3. REFERENCES

1 Atta HM. Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus: the oldest known surgi - cal treatise. Am Surg 1999; 65 (12): 1190–2. 2 North Atlantic Treaty Organization. NATO logistics handbook . Brus - sels: NATO Headquarters, 2012. Available from https://www .nato. int/docu/logi-en/logistics_hndbk_2012-en.pdf. 3 Lerner EB, Moscati RM. The golden hour: scientific fact or medi - cal ‘urban legend’? Acad Emerg Med 2001; 8 (7): 758–60. 4 Howard JT , Kotwal RS, Santos-Lazada AR et al . Reexamination of a battlefield trauma golden hour policy . J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2018; 84 (1): 11–18. 5 Fisher AD, Teeter WA, Cordova CB et al . The role I resuscitation team and resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta. J Spec Oper Med 2017; 17 (2): 65–73. 6 Russo RM, Williams TK, Grayson JK et al . Extending the gold - en hour: partial resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta in a highly lethal swine liver injury model. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2016; 80 (3): 372–80. 7 Benavides LC, Smith IM, Benavides JM et al . Deployed skills train - ing for whole blood collection by a special operations expedition - ary surgical team. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2017; 82 (6S Suppl 1): S96–102. 8 Nettesheim N, Powell D, Vasios W et al . Telemedical support for military medicine. Mil Med 2018; 183 (11–12): e462–70. 9 Champion HR, Bellamy RF , Roberts CP , Leppaniemi A. A profile of combat injury . J Trauma 2003; 54 (5 Suppl): S13–19. 10 Owens BD, Kragh JF , Wenke JC et al . Combat wounds in opera - tion Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom. J Trauma 2008; 64 (2): 295–9. 11 Eastridge BJ, Hardin M, Cantrell J et al . Died of wounds on the battlefield: causation and implications for improving combat casu - alty care. J Trauma 2011; 71 : S4–8. 12 Hodgetts TJ. ABC to <C>ABC: redefining the military trauma paradigm. Emerg Med J 2006; 23 (10): 745–6. 13 Morrison JJ, Stannard A, Rasmussen TE et al . Injury pattern and mortality of noncompressible torso hemorrhage in UK combat ca - sualties. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2013; 75 (2 Suppl 2): S263–8. 14 Morrison JJ, Ross JD, Rasmussen TE et al . Resuscitative endovas - cular balloon occlusion of the aorta: a gap analysis of severely in - jured UK combat casualties. Shock 2014; 41 (5): 388–93. 15 Rotondo M, Schwab C. ‘Damage control’: an approach for im - proved survival in exsanguinating penetrating abdominal injury . J Trauma 1993; 35 (3): 375–82. 16 Garner J, Watts S, Parry C et al . Prolonged permissive hypotensive resuscitation is associated with poor outcome in primary blast inju - ry with controlled hemorrhage. Ann Surg 2010; 251 (6): 1131–9. 17 Khan S, Brohi K, Chana M et al . Hemostatic resuscitation is nei - ther hemostatic nor resuscitative in trauma hemorrhage. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2014; 76 (3): 561–7; discussion 567–8. 18 Jansen JO, Morrison JJ, Midwinter MJ, Doughty H. Changes in blood transfusion practices in the UK role 3 medical treatment fa - cility in Afghanistan, 2008-2011. Transfus Med 2014; 24 (3): 154– 61. 19 Naumann DN, Khan MA, Smith JE et al . Future strategies for J /uni00A0 Trauma Acute Care Surg 2019; 86 : 163–6. 20 Breeze J, Penn-Barwell J, Keene D et al (eds). Ballistic trauma: a practical guide , 4th edn. Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2017. 21 Stuhmiller J, Phillips Y , Richmond DR. The physics and mecha nisms of primary blast injury . In: Bellamy RF , Zajtchuk R (eds). Conventional warfare: ballistic, blast and burn injuries . Washington, DC: Department of the Army , O ffi ce of the Surgeon General, 1991: 241–70. 22 Ramasamy A, Hill AM, Clasper JC. Improvised explosive devices: pathophysiology , injury profiles and current medical management. J R Army Med Corps 2009; 155 (4): 265–72. 23 Cooper GJ, Taylor DE. Biophysics of impact injury to the chest and abdomen. J R Army Med Corps 1989; 135 (2): 58–67. 24 Guy RJ, Kirkman E, Watkins PE, Cooper GJ. Physiologic respons es to primary blast. J Trauma 1998; 45 (6): 983–7. 25 Owers C, Morgan JL, Garner JP . Abdominal trauma in primary blast injury . Br J Surg 2011; 98 (2): 168–79. 26 Singleton JA, Gibb IE, Hunt NC et al . Identifying future ‘unex pected’ survivors: a retrospective cohort study of fatal injury pat terns in victims of improvised explosive devices. BMJ Open 3 (8): e003130. patterns: a forensic biomechanical approach. J R Soc Interface 2011; 8 (58): 689–98. 28 Webster C, Masouros S, Gibb I, Clasper JC. Fracture patterns in pelvic blast injury: a retrospective analysis and implications for fu - - ture preventative strategies. Bone Joint J 2015; 97-B (Suppl 8): 14. 29 Pearce AP , Bull AMJ, Clasper JC. Mediastinal injury is the stron - gest predictor of mortality in mounted blast amongst UK deployed forces. Injury 2017; 48 (9): 1900–5. 30 Cannon JW , Hofmann LJ, Glasgow SC et al . Dismounted complex blast injuries: a comprehensive review of the modern combat ex - perience. J Am Coll Surg 2016; 223 (4): 652–64. 31 Smith S, Devine M, Taddeo J, McAlister VC. Injury profile suf - fered by targets of antipersonnel improvised explosive devices: pro - spective cohort study . - BMJ Open 2017; 7 (7): e014697. 32 Rees P , Waller B, Buckley AM et al . REBOA at Role 2 Afloat: re - suscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta as a bridge to damage control surgery in the military maritime setting. J R Army Med Corps - 2018; 164 (2): 72–6. - 33 Sharma DM, Webster CE, Kirkman-Brown J et al . Blast injury to the perineum. 2013; BMJ Mil Health 2013; 159 : i1-i3. REFERENCES

1 Atta HM. Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus: the oldest known surgi - cal treatise. Am Surg 1999; 65 (12): 1190–2. 2 North Atlantic Treaty Organization. NATO logistics handbook . Brus - sels: NATO Headquarters, 2012. Available from https://www .nato. int/docu/logi-en/logistics_hndbk_2012-en.pdf. 3 Lerner EB, Moscati RM. The golden hour: scientific fact or medi - cal ‘urban legend’? Acad Emerg Med 2001; 8 (7): 758–60. 4 Howard JT , Kotwal RS, Santos-Lazada AR et al . Reexamination of a battlefield trauma golden hour policy . J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2018; 84 (1): 11–18. 5 Fisher AD, Teeter WA, Cordova CB et al . The role I resuscitation team and resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta. J Spec Oper Med 2017; 17 (2): 65–73. 6 Russo RM, Williams TK, Grayson JK et al . Extending the gold - en hour: partial resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta in a highly lethal swine liver injury model. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2016; 80 (3): 372–80. 7 Benavides LC, Smith IM, Benavides JM et al . Deployed skills train - ing for whole blood collection by a special operations expedition - ary surgical team. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2017; 82 (6S Suppl 1): S96–102. 8 Nettesheim N, Powell D, Vasios W et al . Telemedical support for military medicine. Mil Med 2018; 183 (11–12): e462–70. 9 Champion HR, Bellamy RF , Roberts CP , Leppaniemi A. A profile of combat injury . J Trauma 2003; 54 (5 Suppl): S13–19. 10 Owens BD, Kragh JF , Wenke JC et al . Combat wounds in opera - tion Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom. J Trauma 2008; 64 (2): 295–9. 11 Eastridge BJ, Hardin M, Cantrell J et al . Died of wounds on the battlefield: causation and implications for improving combat casu - alty care. J Trauma 2011; 71 : S4–8. 12 Hodgetts TJ. ABC to <C>ABC: redefining the military trauma paradigm. Emerg Med J 2006; 23 (10): 745–6. 13 Morrison JJ, Stannard A, Rasmussen TE et al . Injury pattern and mortality of noncompressible torso hemorrhage in UK combat ca - sualties. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2013; 75 (2 Suppl 2): S263–8. 14 Morrison JJ, Ross JD, Rasmussen TE et al . Resuscitative endovas - cular balloon occlusion of the aorta: a gap analysis of severely in - jured UK combat casualties. Shock 2014; 41 (5): 388–93. 15 Rotondo M, Schwab C. ‘Damage control’: an approach for im - proved survival in exsanguinating penetrating abdominal injury . J Trauma 1993; 35 (3): 375–82. 16 Garner J, Watts S, Parry C et al . Prolonged permissive hypotensive resuscitation is associated with poor outcome in primary blast inju - ry with controlled hemorrhage. Ann Surg 2010; 251 (6): 1131–9. 17 Khan S, Brohi K, Chana M et al . Hemostatic resuscitation is nei - ther hemostatic nor resuscitative in trauma hemorrhage. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2014; 76 (3): 561–7; discussion 567–8. 18 Jansen JO, Morrison JJ, Midwinter MJ, Doughty H. Changes in blood transfusion practices in the UK role 3 medical treatment fa - cility in Afghanistan, 2008-2011. Transfus Med 2014; 24 (3): 154– 61. 19 Naumann DN, Khan MA, Smith JE et al . Future strategies for J /uni00A0 Trauma Acute Care Surg 2019; 86 : 163–6. 20 Breeze J, Penn-Barwell J, Keene D et al (eds). Ballistic trauma: a practical guide , 4th edn. Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2017. 21 Stuhmiller J, Phillips Y , Richmond DR. The physics and mecha nisms of primary blast injury . In: Bellamy RF , Zajtchuk R (eds). Conventional warfare: ballistic, blast and burn injuries . Washington, DC: Department of the Army , O ffi ce of the Surgeon General, 1991: 241–70. 22 Ramasamy A, Hill AM, Clasper JC. Improvised explosive devices: pathophysiology , injury profiles and current medical management. J R Army Med Corps 2009; 155 (4): 265–72. 23 Cooper GJ, Taylor DE. Biophysics of impact injury to the chest and abdomen. J R Army Med Corps 1989; 135 (2): 58–67. 24 Guy RJ, Kirkman E, Watkins PE, Cooper GJ. Physiologic respons es to primary blast. J Trauma 1998; 45 (6): 983–7. 25 Owers C, Morgan JL, Garner JP . Abdominal trauma in primary blast injury . Br J Surg 2011; 98 (2): 168–79. 26 Singleton JA, Gibb IE, Hunt NC et al . Identifying future ‘unex pected’ survivors: a retrospective cohort study of fatal injury pat terns in victims of improvised explosive devices. BMJ Open 3 (8): e003130. patterns: a forensic biomechanical approach. J R Soc Interface 2011; 8 (58): 689–98. 28 Webster C, Masouros S, Gibb I, Clasper JC. Fracture patterns in pelvic blast injury: a retrospective analysis and implications for fu - - ture preventative strategies. Bone Joint J 2015; 97-B (Suppl 8): 14. 29 Pearce AP , Bull AMJ, Clasper JC. Mediastinal injury is the stron - gest predictor of mortality in mounted blast amongst UK deployed forces. Injury 2017; 48 (9): 1900–5. 30 Cannon JW , Hofmann LJ, Glasgow SC et al . Dismounted complex blast injuries: a comprehensive review of the modern combat ex - perience. J Am Coll Surg 2016; 223 (4): 652–64. 31 Smith S, Devine M, Taddeo J, McAlister VC. Injury profile suf - fered by targets of antipersonnel improvised explosive devices: pro - spective cohort study . - BMJ Open 2017; 7 (7): e014697. 32 Rees P , Waller B, Buckley AM et al . REBOA at Role 2 Afloat: re - suscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta as a bridge to damage control surgery in the military maritime setting. J R Army Med Corps - 2018; 164 (2): 72–6. - 33 Sharma DM, Webster CE, Kirkman-Brown J et al . Blast injury to the perineum. 2013; BMJ Mil Health 2013; 159 : i1-i3.

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